A CONSTITUTION FOR THE FEDERATION OF
EARTH
Contents
29th October 1999
As Amended At The World Constituent Assembly In Troia, Portugal 1991. Now
being circulated worldwide for ratification by the nations and people of
earth.
Quote from Benjamin Franklin at the
close of the U.S. Constitutional Convention in 1787
Distribution for ratification under the direction of the World Constitution
and Parliament Association and the Global Ratification and Elections Network
(wcpagren.org).
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A CONSTITUTION FOR THE FEDERATION OF EARTH
Contents
Preamble
Realizing that Humanity today has come to a turning point in history and
that we are on the threshold of an new world order which promises to usher
in an era of peace, prosperity, justice and harmony;
Aware of the interdependence of people, nations and all life;
Aware that man's abuse of science and technology has brought Humanity
to the brink of disaster through the production of horrendous weaponry of
mass destruction and to the brink of ecological and social catastrophe;
Aware that the traditional concept of security through military defense
is a total illusion both for the present and for the future;
Aware of the misery and conflicts caused by ever increasing disparity
between rich and poor;
Conscious of our obligation to posterity to save Humanity from imminent
and total annihilation;
Conscious that Humanity is One despite the existence of diverse nations,
races, creeds, ideologies and cultures and that the principle of unity in
diversity is the basis for a new age when war shall be outlawed and peace
prevail; when the earth's total resources shall be equitably used for human
welfare; and when basic human rights and responsibilities shall be shared
by all without discrimination;
Conscious of the inescapable reality that the greatest hope for the survival
of life on earth is the establishment of a democratic world government;
We, citizens of the world, hereby resolve to establish a world federation
to be governed in accordance with this constitution for the Federation of
Earth.
A CONSTITUTION FOR THE FEDERATION OF EARTH
The broad functions of the Federation of Earth shall be:
-
To prevent war, secure disarmament, and resolve territorial and other disputes
which endanger peace and human rights.
-
To protect universal human rights, including life, liberty, security, democracy,
and equal opportunities in life.
-
To obtain for all people on earth the conditions required for equitable economic
and social development and for diminishing social differences.
-
To regulate world trade, communications, transportation, currency, standards,
use of world resources, and other global and international processes.
-
To protect the environment and the ecological fabric of life from all sources
of damage, and to control technological innovations whose effects transcend
national boundaries, for the purpose of keeping Earth a safe, healthy and
happy home for humanity .
-
To devise and implement solutions to all problems which are beyond the capacity
of national governments, or which are now or may become of global or
international concern or consequence.
-
The Federation of Earth shall be organized as a universal federation, to
include all nations and all people, and to encompass all oceans, seas and
lands of Earth, inclusive of non-self governing territories, together with
the surrounding atmosphere.
-
The World Government for the Federation of Earth shall be non-military and
shall be democratic in its own structure, with ultimate sovereignty residing
in all the people who live on Earth.
-
The authority and powers granted to the World Government shall be limited
to those defined in this Constitution for the Federation of Earth, applicable
to problems and affairs which transcend national boundaries, leaving to national
governments jurisd iction over the internal affairs of the respective nations
but consistent with the authority of the World Government to protect universal
human rights as defined in this World Constitution.
-
The basic direct electoral and administrative units of the World Government
shall be World Electoral and Administrative Districts. A total of not more
than 1000 World Electoral and Administrative Districts shall be defined,
and shall be nearly equal i n population, within the limits of plus or minus
ten percent.
-
Contiguous World Electoral and Administrative Districts shall be combined
as may be appropriate to compose a total of twenty World Electoral and
Administrative Regions for the following purposes, but not limited thereto:
for the election or appointmen t of certain world government officials; for
administrative purposes; for composing various organs of the world government
as enumerated in Article IV; for the functioning of the Judiciary, the
Enforcement System, and the Ombudsmus, as well as for the fun ctioning of
any other organ or agency of the World Government.
-
The World Electoral and Administrative Regions may be composed of a variable
number of World Electoral and Administrative Districts, taking into consideration
geographic, cultural, ecological and other factors as well as population.
-
Contiguous World Electoral and Administrative Regions shall be grouped together
in pairs to compose Magna-Regions.
-
The boundaries for World Electoral and Administrative Regions shall not cross
the boundaries of the World Electoral and Administrative Districts, and shall
be common insofar as feasible for the various administrative departments
and for the several or gans and agencies of the World Government. Boundaries
for the World Electoral and Administrative Districts as well as for the Regions
need not conform to existing national boundaries, but shall conform as far
as practicable.
-
The World Electoral and Administrative Regions shall be grouped to compose
at least five Continental Divisions of the Earth, for the election or appointment
of certain world government officials, and for certain aspects of the composition
and function ing of the several organs and agencies of the World Government
as specified hereinafter. The boundaries of Continental Divisions shall not
cross existing national boundaries as far as practicable. Continental Divisions
may be composed of a variable numbe r of World Electoral and Administrative
Regions.
The organs of the World Government shall be:
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The World Parliament.
-
The World Executive.
-
The World Administration.
-
The Integrative Complex.
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The World Judiciary.
-
The Enforcement System.
-
The World Ombudsmus.
The powers of the World government to be exercised through its several organs
and agencies shall comprise the following:
-
Prevent wars and armed conflicts among the nations, regions, districts, parts
and peoples of Earth.
-
Supervise disarmament and prevent re-armament; prohibit and eliminate the
design, testing, manufacture, sale, purchase, use and possession of weapons
of mass destruction, and prohibit or regulate all lethal weapons which the
World Parliament may decid e.
-
Prohibit incitement to war, and discrimination against or defamation of
conscientious objectors.
-
Provide the means for peaceful and just solutions of disputes and conflicts
among or between nations, peoples, and/or other components within the Federation
of Earth.
-
Supervise boundary settlements and conduct plebiscites as needed.
-
Define the boundaries for the districts, regions and divisions which are
established for electoral, administrative, judicial and other purposes of
the World Government.
-
Define and regulate procedures for the nomination and election of the members
of each House of the World Parliament, and for the nomination, election,
appointment and employment of all World Government officials and personnel.
-
Codify world laws, including the body of international law developed prior
to adoption of the world constitution, but not inconsistent therewith, and
which is approved by the World Parliament.
-
Establish universal standars for weights, measurements, accounting and records.
-
Provide assistance in the event of large scale calamities, including drouth,
famine, pestilence, flood, earthquake, hurricane, ecological disruptions
and other disasters.
-
Guarantee and enforce the civil liberties and the basic human rights which
are defined in the Bill of Rights for the Citizens of Earth which is made
a part of this World Constitution under Article 12.
-
Define standards and promote the worldwide improvement in working conditions,
nutrition, health, housing, human settlements, environmental conditions,
education, economic security, and other conditions defined under Article
13 of this World Constituti on.
-
Regulate and supervise international transportation, communications, postal
services, and migrations of people.
-
Regulate and supervise supra-national trade, industry, corporations, businesses,
cartels, professional services, labor supply, finances, investments and
insurance.
-
Secure and supervise the elimination of tariffs and other trade barriers
among nations, but with provisions to prevent or minimize hardship for those
previously protected by tariffs.
-
Raise the revenues and funds, by direct and/or indirect means, which are
necessary for the purposes and activities of the World Government.
-
Establish and operate world financial, banking, credit and insurance institutions
designed to serve human needs; establish, issue and regulate world currency,
credit and exchange.
-
Plan for and regulate the development, use, conservation and re-cycling of
the natural resources of Earth as the common heritage of Humanity; protect
the environment in every way for the benefit of both present and future
generations.
-
Create and operate a World Economic Development Organization to serve equitably
the needs of all nations and people included within the World Federation.
-
Develop and implement solutions to transnational problems of food supply,
agricultural production, soil fertility, soil conservation, pest control,
diet, nutrition, drugs and poisons, and the disposal of toxic wastes.
-
Develop and implement means to control population growth in relation to the
life-support capacities of Earth, and solve problems of population distribution.
-
Develop, protect, regulate and conserve the water supplies of Earth; develop,
operate and/or coordinate transnational irrigation and other water supply
and control projects; assure equitable allocation of trans- national water
supplies, and protect ag ainst adverse trans-national effects of water or
moisture diversion or weather control projects within national boundaries.
-
Own, administer and supervise the development and conservation of the oceans
and sea-beds of Earth and all resources thereof, and protect from damage.
-
Protect from damage, and control and supervise the uses of the atmosphere
of Earth.
-
Conduct inter-planetary and cosmic explorations and research; have exclusive
jurisdiction over the Moon and over all satellites launched from Earth.
-
Establish, operate and/or coordinate global air lines, ocean transport systems,
international railways and highways, global communication systems, and means
for interplanetary travel and communications; control and administer vital
waterways.
-
Develop, operate and/or coordinate transnational power systems, or networks
of small units, integrating into the systems or networks power derived from
the sun, wind, water, tides, heat differentials, magnetic forces, and any
other source of safe, eco logically sound and continuing energy supply.
-
Control the mining, production, transportation and use of fossil sources
of energy to the extent necessary to reduce and prevent damages to the
environment and the ecology, as well as to prevent conflicts and conserve
supplies for sustained use by suc ceeding generations.
-
Exercise exclusive jurisdiction and control over nuclear energy research
and testing and nuclear power production, including the right to prohibit
any form of testing or production considered hazardous.
-
Place under world controls essential natural resources which may be limited
or unevenly distributed about the Earth. Find and implement ways to reduce
wastes and find ways to minimize disparities when development or production
is insufficient to suppl y everybody with all that may be needed.
-
Provide for the examination and assessment of technological innovations which
are or may be of supranational consequence, to determine possible hazards
or perils to humanity or the environment; institute such controls and regulations
of technology as may be found necessary to prevent or correct widespread
hazards or perils to human health and welfare.
-
Carry out intensive programs to develop safe alternatives to any technology
or technological processes which may be hazardous to the environment, the
ecological system, or human health and welfare.
-
Resolve supra-national problems caused by gross disparities in technological
development or capability, capital formation, availability of natural resources,
educational opportunity, economic opportunity, and wage and price differentials.
Assist the processes of technology transfer under conditions which safeguard
human welfare and the environment and contribute to minimizing disparities.
-
Intervene under procedures to be defined by the World Parliament in cases
of either intra-state violence and intra-state problems which seriously affect
world peace or universal human rights.
-
Develop a world university system. Obtain the correction of prejudicial
communicative materials which cause misunderstandings or conflicts due to
differences of race, religion, sex, national origin or affiliation.
-
Organize, coordinate and/or administer a voluntary, non-military World Service
Corps, to carry out a wide variety of projects designed to serve human welfare.
-
Designate as may be found desirable an official world language or official
world languages.
-
Establish and operate a system of world parks, wild life preserves, natural
places, and wilderness areas.
-
Define and establish procedures for initiative and referendum by the Citizens
of Earth on matters of supra-national legislation not prohibited by this
World Constitution.
-
Establish such departments, bureaus, commissions, institutes, corporations,
administrations, or agencies as may by needed to carry out any and all of
the functions and powers of the World Government.
-
Serve the needs of humanity in any and all ways which are now, or may prove
in the future to be, beyond the capacity of national and local governments.
Sec. A - Functions and Powers of the World Parliament
The functions and powers of the World Parliament shall comprise the following:
-
To prepare and enact detailed legislation in all areas of authority and
jurisdiction granted to the World Government under Article IV of this World
Constitution.
-
To amend or repeal world laws as may be found necessary or desirable.
-
To approve, amend or reject the international laws developed prior to the
advent of World Government, and to codify and integrate the system of world
law and world legislation under the World Government.
-
To establish such regulations and directions as may be needed, consistent
with this world constitution, for the proper functioning of all organs, branches,
departments, bureaus, commissions, institutes, agencies or parts of the World
Government.
-
To review, amend and give final approval to each budget for the World Government,
as submitted by the World Executive; to devise the specific means for directly
raising funds needed to fulfill the budget, including taxes, licenses, fees,
globally acco unted social and public costs which must be added into the
prices for goods and services, loans and credit advances, and any other
appropriate means; and to appropriate and allocate funds for all operations
and functions of the World Government in accorda nce with approved budgets,
but subject to the right of the Parliament to revise any appropriation not
yet spent or contractually committed.
-
To create, alter, abolish or consolidate the departments, bureaus, commissions,
institutes, agencies or other parts of the World Government as may be needed
for the best functioning of the several organs of the World Government, subject
to the specifi c provisions of this World Constitution.
-
To approve the appointments of the heads of all major departments, commissions,
offices, agencies and other parts of the several organs of the World Government,
except those chosen by electoral or civil service procedures.
-
To remove from office for cause any member of the World Executive, and any
elective or appointive head of any organ, department, office, agency or other
part of the World Government, subject to the specific provisions in this
World Constitution concer ning specific offices.
-
To define and revise the boundaries of the World Electoral and Administrative
Districts, the World Electoral and Administrative Regions and Magna Regions,
and the Continental Divisions.
-
To schedule the implementation of those provisions of the World Constitution
which require implementation by stages during the several stages of Provisional
World Government, First Operative Stage of World Government, Second Operative
Stage of World G overnment, and Full Operative Stage of World Government,
as defined in Articles XVII and XIX of this World Constitution.
-
To plan and schedule the implementation of those provisions of the World
Constitution which may require a period of years to be accomplished.
Sec. B - Composition of the World Parliament
-
The World Parliament shall be composed of three houses, designated as follows:
-
The House of Peoples, to represent the people of Earth directly and equally;
-
The House of Nations, to represent the nations which are joined together
in the Federation of Earth; and a
-
House of Counsellors with particular functions to represent the highest good
and best interests of humanity as a whole.
-
All members of the World Parliament, regardless of House, shall be designated
as Members of the World Parliament.
Sec. C - The House of Peoples
-
The House of Peoples shall be composed of the peoples delegates directly
elected in proportion to population from the World Electoral and Administrative
Districts, as defined in Article 2-4.
-
Peoples delegates shall be elected by universal adult suffrage, open to all
persons of age 18 and above.
-
One peoples delegate shall be elected from each World Electoral and
Administrative District to serve a five year term in the House of Peoples.
Peoples delegates may be elected to serve successive terms without limit.
Each peoples delegate shall have o ne vote.
-
A candidate for election to serve as a peoples delegate must be at least
21 years of age, a resident for at least one year of the electoral district
from which the candidate is seeking election, and shall take a pledge of
service to humanity.
Sec. D - The House of Nations
-
The House of Nations shall be composed of national delegates elected or appointed
by procedures to be determined by each national government on the following
basis:
-
One national delegate from each nation of at least 100,000 population, but
less than 10,000,000 population.
-
Two national delegates from each nation of at least 10,000,000 population,
but less than 100,000,000 population.
-
Three national delegates from each nation of 100,000,000 population or more.
-
Nations of less than 100,000 population may join in groups with other nations
for purposes of representation in the House of Nations.
-
National delegates shall be elected or appointed to serve for terms of five
years, and may be elected or appointed to serve successive terms without
limit. Each national delegate shall have one vote.
-
Any person to serve as a national delegate shall be a citizen for at least
two years of the nation to be represented, must be at least 21 years of age,
and shall take a pledge of service to humanity.
Sec. E - The House of Counsellors
-
The House of Counsellors shall be composed of 200 counsellors chosen in equal
numbers from nominations submitted from the twenty World Electoral and
Administrative Regions, as defined in Article II-5 and II-6, ten from each
Region.
-
Nominations for members of the House of Counsellors shall be made by the
teachers and students of universities and colleges and of scientific academies
and institutes within each world electoral and administrative region. Nominees
may be persons who a re off campus in any walk of life as well as on campus.
-
Nominees to the House of Counsellors from each World Electoral and Administrative
Region shall, by vote taken among themselves, reduce the number of nominees
to no less than two times and no more than three times the number to be elected.
-
Nominees to serve as members of the House of Counsellors must be at least
25 years of age, and shall take a pledge of service to humanity. There shall
be no residence requirement, and a nominee need not be a resident of the
region from which nominated or elected.
-
The members of the House of Counsellors from each region shall be elected
by the members of the other two houses of the World Parliament from the
particular region.
-
Counsellors shall be elected to serve terms of ten years. One-half of the
members of the House of Counsellors shall be elected every five years.
Counsellors may serve successive terms without limit. Each Counsellor shall
have one vote.
Sec. F - Procedures of the World Parliament
-
Each house of the World Parliament during its first session after general
elections shall elect a panel of five chairpersons from among its own members,
one from each of five Continental Divisions. The chairpersons shall rotate
annually so that each w ill serve for one year as chief presiding officer,
while the other four serve as vice-chairpersons.
-
The panels of Chairpersons from each House shall meet together, as needed,
for the purpose of coordinating the work of the Houses of the World Parliament,
both severally and jointly.
-
Any legislative measure or action may be initiated in either House of Peoples
or House of Nations or both concurrently, and shall become effective when
passed by a simple majority vote of both the House of Peoples and of the
House of Nations, except i n those cases where an absolute majority vote
or other voting majority is specified in this World Constitution.
-
In case of deadlock on a measure initiated in either the House of Peoples
or House of Nations, the measure shall then automatically go to the House
of Counsellors for decision by simple majority vote of the House of Counsellors,
except in the cases wh ere other majority vote is required in this World
Constitution. Any measure may be referred for decision to the House of
Counsellors by a concurrent vote of the other two houses.
-
The House of Counsellors may initiate any legislative measure, which shall
then be submitted to the other two houses and must be passed by simple majority
vote of both the House of Peoples and House of Nations to become effective,
unless other voting majority is required by some provision of this World
Constitution.
-
The House of Counsellors may introduce an opinion or resolution on any measure
pending before either of the other two houses; either of the other houses
may request the opinion of the House of Counsellors before acting upon a
measure.
-
Each house of the World Parliament shall adopt its own detailed rules of
procedure, which shall by consistent with the procedures set forth in this
World Constitution, and which shall be designed to facilitate coordinated
functioning of the three hous es.
-
Approval of appointments by the World Parliament or any house thereof shall
require simple majority votes, while removals for cause shall require absolute
majority votes.
-
After the full operative stage of World Government is declared, general elections
for members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples shall be held
every five years. The first general elections shall be held within the first
two years followin g the declaration of the full operative stage of World
Government.
-
Until the full operative stage of World Government is declared, elections
for members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples may be conducted
whenever feasible in relation to the campaign for ratification of this World
Constitution.
-
Regular sessions of the House of Peoples and House of Nations of the World
Parliament shall convene on the second Monday of January of each and every
Year.
-
Each nation, according to its own procedures, shall appoint or elect members
of the World Parliament to the House of Nations at least thirty days prior
to the date for convening the World Parliament in January.
-
The House of Peoples together with the House of Nations shall elect the members
of the World Parliament to the House of Counsellors during the month of January
after the general elections. For its first session after general elections,
the House of Co unsellors shall convene on the second Monday of March, and
thereafter concurrently with the other two houses.
-
Bi-elections to fill vacancies shall be held within three months from occurrence
of the vacancy or vacancies.
-
The World Parliament shall remain in session for a minimum of nine months
of each year. One or two breaks may be taken during each year, at times and
for durations to be decided by simple majority vote of the House of Peoples
and House of Nations sitt ing jointly.
-
Annual salaries for members of the World Parliament of all three houses shall
be the same, except for those who serve also as members of the Presidium
and of the Executive Cabinet.
-
Salary schedules for members of the World Parliament and for members of the
Presidium and of the Executive Cabinet shall be determined by the World
Parliament.
Sec. A Functions and Powers of the World Executive
-
To implement the basic system of world law as defined in the World Constitution
and in the codified system of world law after approval by the World Parliament.
-
To implement legislation enacted by the World Parliament.
-
To propose and recommend legislation for enactment by the World Parliament.
-
To convene the World Parliament in special sessions when necessary.
-
To supervise the World Administration and the Integrative Complex and all
of the departments, bureaus, offices, institutes and agencies thereof.
-
To nominate, select and remove the heads of various organs, branches,
departments, bureaus, offices, commissions, institutes, agencies and other
parts of the World Government, in accordance with the provisions of this
World Constitution and as specifi ed in measures enacted by the World Parliament.
-
To prepare and submit annually to the World Parliament a comprehensive budget
for the operations of the World Government, and to prepare and submit
periodically budget projections over periods of several years.
-
To define and propose priorities for world legislation and budgetary allocations.
-
To be held accountable to the World Parliament for the expenditures of
appropriations made by the World Parliament in accordance with approved and
longer term budgets, subject to revisions approved by the World Parliament.
Sec. B Composition of the World Executive
The World Executive shall consist of a Presidium of five members, and of
an Executive Cabinet of from twenty to thirty members, all of whom shall
be members of the World Parliament.
Sec. C The Presidium
-
The Presidium shall be composed of five members, one to be designated as
President and the other four to be designated as Vice Presidents. Each member
of the Presidium shall be from a different Continental Division.
-
The Presidency of the Presidium shall rotate each year, with each member
in turn to serve as President, while the other four serve as Vice Presidents.
The order of rotation shall be decided by the Presidium.
-
The decisions of the Presidium shall be taken collectively, on the basis
of majority decisions.
-
Each member of the Presidium shall be a member of the World Parliament, either
elected to the House of Peoples or to the House of Counsellors, or appointed
or elected to the House of Nations.
-
Nominations for the Presidium shall be made by the House of Counsellors.
The number of nominees shall be from two to three times the number to be
elected. No more than one-third of the nominees shall be from the House of
Counsellors or from the House of Nations, and nominees must be included from
all Continental Divisions.
-
From among the nominees submitted by the House of Counsellors, the Presidium
shall be elected by vote of the combined membership of all three houses of
the World Parliament in joint session. A plurality vote equal to at least
40 percent of the total m embership of the World Parliament shall be required
for the election of each member to the Presidium, with successive elimination
votes taken as necessary until the required plurality is achieved.
-
Members of the Presidium may be removed for cause, either individually or
collectively, by an absolute majority vote of the combined membership of
the three houses of the World Parliament in joint session.
-
The term of office for the Presidium shall be five years and shall run
concurrently with the terms of office for the members as Members of the World
Parliament, except that at the end of each five year period, the Presidium
members in office shall con tinue to serve until the new Presidium for the
succeeding term is elected. Membership in the Presidium shall be limited
to two consecutive terms.
Sec. D The Executive Cabinet
-
The Executive Cabinet shall be composed of from twenty to thirty members,
with at least one member from each of the ten World Electoral and Administrative
Magna Regions of the world.
-
All members of the Executive Cabinet shall be Members of the World Parliament.
-
There shall be no more than two members of the Executive Cabinet from any
single nation of the World Federation. There may be only one member of the
Executive Cabinet from a nation from which a Member of the World Parliament
is serving as a member of the Presidium.
-
Each member of the Executive Cabinet shall serve as the head of a department
or agency of the World Administration or Integrative Complex, and in this
capacity shall be designated as Minister of the particular department or
agency.
-
Nominations for members of the Executive Cabinet shall be made by the Presidium,
taking into consideration the various functions which Executive Cabinets
members are to perform. The Presidium shall nominate no more than two times
the number to be elec ted.
-
The Executive Cabinet shall be elected by simple majority vote of the combined
membership of all three houses of the World Parliament in joint session.
-
Members of the Executive Cabinet either individually or collectively may
be removed for cause by an absolute majority vote of the combined membership
of all three houses of the World Parliament sitting in joint session.
-
The term of office in the Executive Cabinet shall be five years, and shall
run concurrently with the terms of office for the members as Members of the
World Parliament, except that at the end of each five year period, the Cabinet
members in office s hall continue to serve until the new Executive Cabinet
for the succeeding term is elected. Membership in the Executive Cabinet shall
be limited to three consecutive terms, regardless of change in ministerial
position.
Sec. E Procedures of the World Executive
-
The Presidium shall assign the ministerial positions among the Cabinet members
to head the several administrative departments and major agencies of the
Administration and of the Integrative Complex. Each Vice President may also
serve as a Minister to head an administrative department, but not the President.
Ministerial positions may be changed at the discretion of the Presidium.
A Cabinet member or Vice President may hold more than one ministerial post,
but no more than three, providing that no Cabine t member is without a
Ministerial post.
-
The Presidium, in consultation with the Executive Cabinet, shall prepare
and present to the World Parliament near the beginning of each year a proposed
program of world legislation. The Presidium may propose other legislation
during the year.
-
The Presidium, in consultation with the Executive Cabinet, and in consultation
with the World Financial Administration, (see Article VIII, Sec. G-1-i) shall
be responsible for preparing and submitting to the World Parliament the proposed
annual budget , and budgetary projections over periods of years.
-
Each Cabinet Member and Vice President as Minister of a particular department
or agency shall prepare an annual report for the particular department or
agency, to be submitted both to the Presidium and to the World Parliament.
-
The members of the Presidium and of the Executive Cabinet at all times shall
be responsible both individually and collectively to the World Parliament.
-
Vacancies occurring at any time in the World Executive shall be filled within
sixty days by nomination and election in the same manner as specified for
filling the offices originally.
Sec. F Limitations on the World Executive
-
The World Executive shall not at any time alter, suspend, abridge, infringe
or otherwise violate any provision of this World Constitution or any legislation
or world law enacted or approved by the World Parliament in accordance with
the provisions of this World Constitution.
-
The World Executive shall not have veto power over any legislation passed
by the World Parliament.
-
The World Executive may not dissolve the World Parliament or any House of
the World Parliament.
-
The World Executive may not act contrary to decisions of the World Courts.
-
The World Executive shall be bound to faithfully execute all legislation
passed by the World Parliament in accordance with the provisions of this
World Constitution, and may not impound or refuse to spend funds appropriated
by the World Parliament, no r spend more funds than are appropriated bt the
World Parliament.
-
The World Executive may not transcend or contradict the decisions or controls
of the World Parliament, the World Judiciary or the Provisions of this World
Constitution by any device of executive order or executive privelege or emergency
declaration or decree.
Sec. A - Functions of the World Administration
-
The World Administration shall be organized to carry out the detailed and
continuous administration and implementation of world legislation and world
law.
-
The World Administration shall be under the direction of the World Executive,
and shall at all times be responsible to the World Executive.
-
The World Administration shall be organized so as to give professional continuity
to the work of administration and implementation.
Sec. B - Structure and Procedures of the World Administration
-
The World Administration shall be composed of professionally organized
departments and other agencies in all areas of activity requiring continuity
of administration and implementation by the World Government.
-
Each Department or major agency of the World Administration shall be headed
by a Minister who shall be either a member of the Executive Cabinet or a
Vice President of the Presidium.
-
Each Department or major agency of the World Administration shall have as
chief of staff a Senior Administrator, who shall assist the Minister and
supervise the detailed work of the Department or agency.
-
Each Senior Administrator shall be nominated by the Minister of the particular
Department or agency from among persons in the senior lists of the World
Civil Service Administration, as soon as senior lists have been established
by the World Civil Serv ice Administration, and shall be confirmed by the
Presidium. Temporary qualified appointments shall be made by the Ministers,
with confirmation by the Presidium, pending establishment of the senior lists.
-
There shall be a Secretary General of
the World Administration, who shall be nominated by the Presidium and confirmed
by absolute majority vote of the entire Executive Cabinet.
-
The functions and responsibilities of the Secretary General of the World
Administration shall be to assist in coordinating the work of the Senior
Administrators of the several Departments and agencies of the World
Administration. The Secretary General shall at all times be subject to the
direction of the Presidium, and shall be directly responsible to the Presidium.
-
The employment of any Senior Administrator and of the Secretary General may
be terminated for cause by absolute majority vote of both the Executive Cabinet
and Presidium combined, but not contrary to civil service rules which protect
tenure on grounds of competence.
-
Each Minister of a Department or agency of the World Administration, being
also a Member of the World Parliament, shall provide continuous liaison between
the particular Department or agency and the World Parliament, shall respond
at any time to any q uestions or requests for information from the Parliament,
including committees of any House of the World Parliament.
-
The Presidium, in cooperation with the particular Ministers in each case,
shall be responsible for the original organization of each of the Departments
and major agencies of the World Administration.
-
The assignment of legislative measures, constitutional provisions and areas
of world law to particular Departments and agencies for administration and
implementation shall be done by the Presidium in consultation with the Executive
Cabinet and Secret ary General, unless specifically provided in legislation
passed by the World Parliament.
-
The Presidium, in consultation with the Executive Cabinet, may propose the
creation of other departments and agencies to have ministerial status; and
may propose the alteration, combination or termination of existing Departments
and agencies of minist erial status as may seem necessary or desirable. Any
such creation, alteration, combination or termination shall require a simple
majority vote of approval of the three houses of the World Parliament in
joint session.
-
The World Parliament by absolute majority vote of the three houses in joint
session may specify the creation of new departments or agencies of ministerial
status in the World Administration, or may direct the World Executive to
alter, combine, or term inate existing departments or agencies of ministerial
status.
-
The Presidium and the World Executive may not create, establish or maintain
any administrative or executive department or agency for the purpose of
circumventing control by the World Parliament.
Sec. C - Departments of the World Adminstration
Among the Departments and agencies of the World Administration of ministerial
status, but not limited thereto and subject to combinations and to changes
in descriptive terminology, shall be those listed under this Section. Each
major area of administr ation shall be headed by a Cabinet Minister and a
Senior Administrator, or by a Vice President and a Senior Administrator.
-
Disarmament and War Prevention.
-
Population.
-
Food and Agriculture.
-
Water Supplies and Waterways.
-
Health and Nutrition.
-
Education.
-
Cultural Diversity and the Arts.
-
Habitat and Settlements.
-
Environment and Ecology.
-
World Resources.
-
Oceans and Seabeds.
-
Atmosphere and Space.
-
Energy.
-
Science and Technology.
-
Genetic Research and Engineering.
-
Labor and Income.
-
Economic and Social Development.
-
Commerce and Industry.
-
Transportation and Travel.
-
Multi-National Corporations.
-
Communications and Information.
-
Human Rights.
-
Distributive Justice.
-
World Service Corps.
-
World Territories, Capitals and Parks.
-
Exterior Relations.
-
Democratic Procedures.
-
Revenue.
Sec. A - Definition
-
Certain administrative, research, planning and facilitative agencies of the
World Government which are particularly essential for the satisfactory
functioning of all or most aspects of the World Government, shall be designated
as the Integrative Compl ex. The Integrative Complex shall include the agencies
listed under this Section, with the proviso that other such agencies may
be added upon recommendation of the Presidium followed by decision of the
World Parliament.
-
The World Civil Service Administration.
-
The World Boundaries and Elections Administration.
-
The Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems.
-
The Agency for Research and Planning.
-
The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment.
-
The World Financial Administration.
-
Commission for Legislative Review.
-
Each agency of the Integrative Complex shall be headed by a Cabinet Minister
and a Senior Administrator, or by a Vice President and a Senior Administrator,
together with a Commission as provided hereunder. The rules of procedure
for each agency shall be decided by majority decision of the Commission members
together with the Administrator and the Minister or Vice President.
-
The World Parliament may at any time define further the responsibilities,
functioning and organization of the several agencies of the Integrative Complex,
consistent with the provisions of Article VIII and other provisions of the
World Constitution.
-
Each agency of the Integrative Complex shall make an annual report to the
World Parliament and to the Presidium.
Sec. B - The World Civil Service Administration
-
The functions of the World Civil Service Administration shall be the following,
but not limited thereto:
-
To formulate and define standards, qualifications, tests, examinations and
salary scales for the personnel of all organs, departments, bureaus, offices,
commissions and agencies of the World Government, in conformity with the
provisions of this World Constitution and requiring approval by the Presidium
and Executive Cabinet, subject to review and approval by the World Parliament.
-
To establish rosters or lists of competent personnel for all categories of
personnel to be appointed or employed in the service of the World Government.
-
To select and employ upon request by any government organ, department, bureau,
office, institute, commission, agency or authorized official, such competent
personnel as may be needed and authorized, except for those positions which
are made elective o r appointive under provisions of the World Constitution
or by specific legislation of the World Parliament.
-
The World Civil Service Administration shall be headed by a ten member commission
in addition to the Cabinet Minister or Vice President and Senior Administrator.
The Commission shall be composed of one commissioner from each of ten World
Electoral and Administrative Magna-Regions. The persons to serve as Commissioners
shall be nominated by the House of Counsellors and then appointed by the
Presidium for five year terms. Commissioners may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. C - The World Boundaries and Elections Administration
-
The functions of the World Boundaries and Elections Administration shall
include the following, but not limited thereto:
-
To define the boundaries for the basic World Electoral and Administrative
Districts, the World Electoral and Administrative Regions and Magna-Regions,
and the Continental Divisions, for submission to the World Parliament for
approval by legislative ac tion.
-
To make periodic adjustments every ten or five years, as needed, of the
boundaries for the World Electoral and Administrative Districts, the World
Electoral and Administrative Regions and Magna-Regions, and of the Continental
Divisions, subject to app roval by the World Parliament.
-
To define the detailed procedures for the nomination and election of Members
of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples and to the House of Counsellors,
subject to approval by the World Parliament.
-
To conduct the elections for Members of the World Parliament to the House
of Peoples and to the House of Counsellors.
-
Before each World Parliamentary Election, to prepare Voters' Information
Booklets which shall summarize major current public issues, and shall list
each candidate for elective office together with standard information about
each candidate, and give sp ace for each candidate to state his or her views
on the defined major issues as well as on any other major issue of choice;
to include information on any initiatives or referendums which are to be
voted upon; to distribute the Voter's Information Booklets for each World
Electoral District, or suitable group of Districts; and to obtain the advice
of the Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems, the Agency
for Research and Planning, and the Agency for Technological and Environmental
Assessmen t in preparing the booklets.
-
To define the rules for world political parties, subject to approval by the
World Parliament, and subject to review and recommendations of the World
Ombudsmus.
-
To define the detailed procedures for legislative initiative and referendum
by the Citizens of Earth, and to conduct voting on supra- national or global
initiatives and referendums in conjuction with world parliamentary elections.
-
To conduct plebiscites when requested by other Organs of the World Government,
and to make recommendations for the settlement of boundary disputes.
-
To conduct a global census every five years, and to prepare and maintain
complete demographic analyses for Earth.
-
The World Boundaries and Elections Administration shall be headed by a ten
member commission in addition to the Senior Administrator and the Cabinet
Minister or Vice President. The commission shall be composed of one commissioner
each from ten World Electoral and Administrative Magna- Regions. The persons
to serve as commissioners shall be nominated by the House of Counsellors
and then appointed by the World Presidium for five year terms. Commissioners
may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. D - Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems
-
The functions of the Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems
shall be as follows, but not limited thereto:
-
To prepare and conduct courses of information, education and training for
all personnel in the service of the World Government, including Members of
the World Parliament and of all other elective, appointive and civil service
personnel, so that every person in the service of the World Government may
have a better understanding of the functions, structure, procedures and
inter-relationships of the various organs, departments, bureaus, offices,
institutes, commissions, agencies and other parts of the Wo rld Government.
-
To prepare and conduct courses and seminars for information, education,
discussion, updating and new ideas in all areas of world problems, particularly
for Members of the World Parliament and of the World Executive, and for the
chief personnel of all organs, departments and agencies of the World Government,
but open to all in the service of the World Government.
-
To bring in qualified persons from private and public universities, colleges
and research and action organizations of many countries, as well as other
qualified persons, to lecture and to be resource persons for the courses
and seminars organized by t he Institute on Governmental Procedures and World
Problems.
-
To contract with private or public universities and colleges or other agencies
to conduct courses and seminars for the Institute.
-
The Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems shall be supervised
by a ten member commission in addition to the Senior Administrator and Cabinet
Minister or Vice President. The commission shall be composed of one commissioner
each to be named by the House of Peoples, the House of Nations, the House
of Counsellors, the Presidium, the Collegium of World Judges, The World
Ombudsmus, The World Attorneys General Office, the Agency for Research and
Planning, the Agency for Technological and E nvironmental Assessment, and
the World Financial Administration. Commissioners shall serve five year terms,
and may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. E - The Agency for Research and Planning
-
The functions of the Agency for Research and Planning shall be as follows,
but not limited thereto:
-
To serve the World Parliament, the World Executive, the World Administration,
and other organs, departments and agencies of the World Government in any
matter requiring research and planning within the competence of the agency.
-
To prepare and maintain a comprehensive inventory of world resources.
-
To prepare comprehensive long-range plans for the development, conservation,
re-cycling and equitable sharing of the resources of Earth for the benefit
of all people on Earth, subject to legislative action by the World Parliament.
-
To prepare and maintain a comprehensive list and description of all world
problems, including their inter-relationships, impact time projections and
proposed solutions, together with bibliographies.
-
To do research and help prepare legislative measures at the request of any
Member of the World Parliament or of any committee of any House of the World
Parliament.
-
To do research and help prepare proposed legislation or proposed legislative
programs and schedules at the request of the Presidium or Executive Cabinet
or of any Cabinet Minister.
-
To do research and prepare reports at the request of any other organ, department
or agency of the World Government.
-
To enlist the help of public and private universities, colleges, research
agencies, and other associations and organizations for various research and
planning projects.
-
To contract with public and private universities, colleges, research agencies
and other organizations for the preparation of specific reports, studies
and proposals.
-
To maintain a comprehensive World Library for the use of all Members of the
World Parliament, and for the use of all other officials and persons in the
service of the World Government, as well as for public information.
-
The Agency for Research and Planning shall be supervised by a ten member
commission in addition to the Senior Administrator and Cabinet Minister or
Vice President. The commission shall be composed of one commissioner each
to be named by the House of P eoples, the House of Nations, the House of
Counsellors, the Presidium, the Collegium of World Judges, the Office of
World Attorneys General, World Ombudsmus, the Agency for Technological and
Environmental Assessment, the Institute on Governmental Procedur es and World
Problems, and the World Financial Administration. Commissioners shall serve
five year terms, and may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. F - The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment
-
The functions of the agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment
shall include the following, but not limited thereto:
-
To establish and maintain a registration and description of all significant
technological innovations, together with impact projections.
-
To examine, analyze and assess the impacts and consequences of technological
innovations which may have either significant beneficial or significant harmful
or dangerous consequences for human life or for the ecology of life on Earth,
or which may req uire particular regulations or prohibitions to prevent or
eliminate dangers or to assure benefits.
-
To examine, analyze and assess environmental and ecological problems, in
particular the environmental and ecological problems which may result from
any intrusions or changes of the environment or ecological relationships
which may be caused by technol ogical innovations, processes of resource
development, patterns of human settlements, the production of energy, patterns
of economic and industrial development, or other man-made intrusions and
changes of the environment, or which may result from natural causes.
-
To maintain a global monitoring network to measure possible harmful effects
of technological innovations and environmental disturbances so that corrective
measures can be designed.
-
To prepare recommendations based on technological and environmental analyses
and assessments, which can serve as guides to the World Parliament, the World
Executive, the World Administration, the Agency for Research and Planning,
and to the other orga ns, departments and agencies of the World Government,
as well as to individuals in the service of the World Government and to national
and local governments and legislative bodies.
-
To enlist the voluntary or contractual aid and participation of private and
public universities, colleges, research institutions and other associations
and organizations in the work of technological and environmental assessment.
-
To enlist the voluntary or contractual aid and participation of private and
public universities and colleges, research institutions and other organizations
in devising and developing alternatives to harmful or dangerous technologies
and environmentall y disruptive activities, and in devising controls to assure
beneficial results from technological innovations or to prevent harmful results
from either technological innovations or environmental changes, all subject
to legislation for implementation by th e World Parliament.
-
The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment shall be supervised
by a ten member commission in addition to the Senior Administrator and Cabinet
Minister or Vice President. The commission shall be composed of one commissioner
from each of ten World Electoral and Administrative Magna-Regions. The persons
to serve as commissioners shall be nominated by the House of Counsellors,
and then appointed by the World Presidium for five year terms. Commissioners
may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. G - The World Financial Administration
-
The functions of the World Financial Administration shall include the following,
but not limited thereto:
-
To establish and operate the procedures for the collection of revenues for
the World Government, pursuant to legislation by the World Parliament, inclusive
of taxes, globally accounted social and public costs, licenses, fees, revenue
sharing arrangeme nts, income derived from supra-national public enterprises
or projects or resource developments, and all other sources.
-
To operate a Planetary Accounting Office, and thereunder to make cost/benefit
studies and reports of the functioning and activities of the World Government
and of its several organs, departments, branches, bureaus, offices, commissions,
institutes, ag encies and other parts or projects. In making such studies
and reports, account shall be taken not only of direct financial costs and
benefits, but also of human, social, environmental, indirect, long-term and
other costs and benefits, and of actual or po ssible hazards and damages.
Such studies and reports shall also be designed to uncover any wastes,
inefficiencies, misapplications, corruptions, diversions, unnecessary costs,
and other possible irregularities.
-
To make cost/benefit studies and reports at the request of any House or committee
of the World Parliament, and of the Presidium, the Executive Cabinet, the
World Ombudsmus, the Office of World Attorneys General, the World Supreme
Court, or of any admi nistrative department or any agency of the Integrative
Complex, as well as upon its own initiative.
-
To operate a Planetary Comptrollers Office and thereunder to supervise the
disbursement of the funds of the World Government for all purposes, projects
and activities duly authorized by this World Constitution, the World Parliament,
the World Executiv e, and other organs, departments and agencies of the World
Government.
-
To establish and operate a Planetary Banking System, making the transition
to a common global currency, under the terms of specific legislation passed
by the World Parliament.
-
Pursuant to specific legislation enacted by the World Parliament, and in
conjunction with the Planetary Banking System, to establish and implement
the procedures of a Planetary Monetary and Credit System based upon useful
productive capacity and perfo rmance, both in goods and services. Such a
monetary and credit system shall be designed for use within the Planetary
Banking System for the financing of the activities and projects of the World
Government, and for all other financial purposes approved by the World
Parliament, without requiring the payment of interest on bonds, investments
or other claims of financial ownership or debt.
-
To establish criteria for the extension of financial credit based upon such
considerations as people available to work, usefulness, cost/benefit accounting,
human and social values, environmental health and esthetics, minimizing
disparities, integrity , competent management, appropriate technology, potential
production and performance.
-
To establish and operate a Planetary Insurance System in areas of world need
which transcend national boundaries and in accordance with legislation passed
by the World Parliament.
-
To assist the Presidium as may be requested in the technical preparation
of budgets for the operation of the World Government.
-
The World Financial Administration shall be supervised by a commission of
ten members, together with a Senior Administrator and a Cabinet Minister
or Vice President. The commission shall be composed of one commissioner each
to be named by the House of Peoples, the House of Nations, the House of
Counsellors, the Presidium, the Collegium of World Judges, the Office of
Attorneys General, the World Ombudsmus, the Agency for Research and Planning,
the Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment, and the Institute
on Governmental Procedures and World Problems. Commissioners shall serve
terms of five years, and may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. H - Commission for Legislative Review
-
The functions of the Commission for Legislative Review shall be to examine
World Legislation and World Laws which the World Parliament enacts or adopts
from the previous Body of International Law for the purpose of analyzing
whether any particular leg islation or law has become obsolete or obstructive
or defective in serving the purposes intended; and to make recommendations
to the World Parliament accordingly for repeal or amendment or replacement.
-
The Commission for Legislative Review shall be composed of twelve members,
including two each to be elected by the House of Peoples, the House of Nations,
the House of Counsellors, the Collegium of World Judges, the World Ombudsmus
and the Presidium. Members of the Commission shall serve terms of ten years,
and may be re-elected to serve consecutive terms. One half of the Commission
members after the Commission is first formed shall be elected every five
years, with the first terms for one half of th e members to be only five
years.
Sec. A - Jurisdiction of the World Supreme Court
-
A World Supreme Court shall be established, together with such regional and
district World Courts as may subsequently be found necessary. The World Supreme
Court shall comprise a number of benches.
-
The World Supreme Court, together with such regional and district World Courts
as may be established, shall have mandatory jurisdiction in all cases, actions,
disputes, conflicts, violations of law, civil suits, guarantees of civil
and human rights, c onstitutional interpretations, and other litigations
arising under the provisions of this World Constitution, world legislation,
and the body of world law approved by the World Parliament.
-
Decisions of the World Supreme Court shall be binding on all parties involved
in all cases, actions and litigations brought before any bench of the World
Supreme Court for settlement. Each bench of the World Supreme Court shall
constitute a court of highest appeal, except when matters of extra-ordinary
public importance are assigned or transferred to the Superior Tribunal of
the World Supreme Court, as provided in Section E of Article IX.
Sec. B - Benches of the World Supreme Court
The benches of the World Supreme Court and their respective jurisdictions
shall be as follows:
-
Bench for Human Rights: To deal with issues of human rights arising under
the guarantee of civil and human rights provided by Article XIII of this
World Constitution, and arising in pursuance of the provisions of Article
XIII of this World Constitutio n, and arising otherwise under world legislation
and the body of world law approved by the World Parliament.
-
Bench for Criminal Cases: To deal with issues arising from the violation
of world laws and world legislation by individuals, corporations, groups
and associations, but not issues primarily concerned with human rights.
-
Bench for Civil Cases: To deal with issues involving civil law suits and
disputes between individuals, corporations, groups and associations arising
under world legislation and world law and the administration thereof.
-
Bench for Constitutional Cases: To deal with the interpretation of the World
Constitution and with issues and actions arising in connection with the
interpretation of the World Constitution.
-
Bench for International Conflicts: To deal with disputes, conflicts and legal
contest arising between or among the nations which have joined in the Federation
of Earth.
-
Bench for Public Cases: To deal with issues not under the jurisdiction of
another bench arising from conflicts, disputes, civil suits or other legal
contests between the World Government and corporations, groups or individuals,
or between national gov ernments and corporations, groups or individuals
in cases involving world legislation and world law.
-
Appellate Bench: To deal with issues involving world legislation and world
law which may be appealed from national courts; and to decide which bench
to assign a case or action or litigation when a question or disagreement
arises over the proper jurisd iction.
-
Advisory Bench: To give opinions upon request on any legal question arising
under world law or world legislation, exclusive of contests or actions involving
interpretation of the World Constitution. Advisory opinions may be requested
by any House or c ommittee of the World Parliament, by the Presidium, any
Administrative Department, the Office of World Attorneys General, the World
Ombudsmus, or by any agency of the Integrative Complex.
-
Other benches may be established, combined or terminated upon recommendation
of the Collegium of World Judges with approval by the World Parliament; but
benches number one through eight may not be combined nor terminated except
by amendment of this Wo rld Constitution.
Sec. C - Seats of the World Supreme Court
-
The primary seat of the World Supreme Court and all benches shall be the
same as for the location of the Primary World Capital and for the location
of the World Parliament and the World Executive.
-
Continental seats of the World Supreme Court shall be established in the
four secondary capitals of the World Government located in four different
Continental Divisions of Earth, as provided in Article XV.
-
The following permanent benches of the World Supreme Court shall be established
both at the primary seat and at each of the continental seats: Human Rights,
Criminal Cases, Civil Cases, and Public Cases.
-
The following permanent benches of the World Supreme Court shall be located
only at the primary seat of the World Supreme Court: Constitutional Cases,
International Conflicts, Appellate Bench, and Advisory Bench.
-
Benches which are located permanently only at the primary seat of the World
Supreme Court may hold special sessions at the other continental seats of
the World Supreme Court when necessary, or may establish continental circuits
if needed.
-
Benches of the World Supreme Court which have permanent continental locations
may hold special sessions at other locations when needed, or may establish
regional circuits if needed.
Sec. D - The Collegium of World Judges
-
A Collegium of World Judges shall be established by the World Parliament.
The Collegium shall consist of a minimum of twenty member judges, and may
be expanded as needed but not to exceed sixty members.
-
The World Judges to compose the Collegium of World Judges shall be nominated
by the House of Counsellors and shall be elected by plurality vote of the
three Houses of the World Parliament in joint session. The House of Counsellors
shall nominate betwe en two and three times the number of world judges to
be elected at any one time. An equal number of World Judges shall be elected
from each of ten World Electoral and Administrative Magna-Regions, if not
immediately then by rotation.
-
The term of office for a World Judge shall be ten years. Successive terms
may be served without limit.
-
The Collegium of World Judges shall elect a Presiding Council of World Judges,
consisting of a Chief Justice and four Associate Chief Justices. One member
of the Presiding Council of World Judges shall be elected from each of five
Continental Divisio ns of Earth. Members of the Presiding Council of World
Judges shall serve five year terms on the Presiding Council, and may serve
two successive terms, but not two successive terms as Chief Justice.
-
The Presiding Council of World Judges shall assign all World Judges, including
themselves, to the several benches of the World Supreme Court. Each bench
for a sitting at each location shall have a minimum of three World Judges,
except that the number of World Judges for benches on Continental Cases and
International Conflicts, and the Appellate Bench, shall be no less than five.
-
The member judges of each bench at each location shall choose annually a
Presiding Judge, who may serve two successive terms.
-
The members of the several benches may be reconstituted from time to time
as may seem desirable or necessary upon the decision of the Presiding Council
of World Judges. Any decision to re-constitute a bench shall be referred
to a vote of the entire C ollegium of World Judges by request of any World
Judge.
-
Any World Judge may be removed from office for cause by an absolute two-
thirds majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint
session.
-
Qualifications for Judges of the World Supreme Court shall be at least ten
years of legal or juristic experience, minimum age of thirty years, and evident
competence in world law and the humanities.
-
The salaries, expenses, remunerations and prerogatives of the World Judges
shall be determined by the World Parliament, and shall be reviewed every
five years, but shall not be changed to the disadvantage of any World Judge
during a term of office. A ll members of the Collegium of World Judges shall
receive the same salaries, except that additional compensation may be given
to the Presiding Council of World Judges.
-
Upon recommendation by the Collegium of World Judges, the World Parliament
shall have the authority to establish regional and district world courts
below the World Supreme Court, and to establish the jurisdictions thereof,
and the procedures for appea l to the World Supreme Court or to the several
benches thereof.
-
The detailed rules of procedure for the functioning of the World Supreme
Court, the Collegium of World Judges, and for each bench of the World Supreme
Court, shall be decided and amended by absolute majority vote of the Collegium
of World Judges.
Sec. E - The Superior Tribunal of the World Supreme Court
-
A Superior Tribunal of the World Supreme Court shall be established to take
cases which are considered to be of extra-ordinary public importance. The
Superior Tribunal for any calendar year shall consist of the Presiding Council
of World Judges togeth er with one World Judge named by the Presiding Judge
of each bench of the World Court sitting at the primary seat of the World
Supreme Court. The composition of the Superior Tribunal may be continued
unchanged for a second year by decision of the Presidin g Council of World
Judges.
-
Any party to any dispute, issue, case or litigation coming under the jurisdiction
of the World Supreme Court, may apply to any particular bench of the World
Supreme Court or to the Presiding Council of World Judges for the assignment
or transfer of th e case to the Superior Tribunal on the grounds of
extra-ordinary public importance. If the application is granted, the case
shall be heard and disposed of by the Superior Tribunal. Also, any bench
taking any particular case, if satisfied that the case is of extra-ordinary
public importance, may of its own discretion transfer the case to the Superior
Tribunal.
Sec. A - Basic Principles
-
The enforcement of world law and world legislation shall apply directly to
individual, and individuals shall be held responsible for compliance with
world law and world legislation regardless of whether the individuals are
acting in their own capacity or as agents or officials of governments at
any level or of the institutions of governments, or as agents or officials
of corporations, organizations, associations or groups of any kind.
-
When world law or world legislation or decisions of the world courts are
violated, the Enforcement System shall operate to identify and apprehend
the individuals responsible for violations.
-
Any enforcement action shall not violate the civil and human rights guaranteed
under this World Constitution.
-
The enforcement of world law and world legislation shall be carried out in
the context of a non-military world federation wherein all member nations
shall disarm as a condition for joining and benefiting from the world federation,
subject to Article X VII, Sec. C-8 and D-6. The Federation of Earth and World
Government under this World Constitution shall neither keep nor use weapons
of mass destruction.
-
Those agents of the enforcement system whose function shall be to apprehend
and bring to court violators of world law and world legislation shall be
equipped only with such weapons as are appropriate for the apprehension of
the individuals responsible for violations.
-
The enforcement of world law and world legislation under this World Constitution
shall be conceived and developed primarily as the processes of effective
design and administration of world law and world legislation to serve the
welfare of all people o n Earth, with equity and justice for all, in which
the resources of Earth and the funds and the credits of the World Government
are used only to serve peaceful human needs, and none used for weapons of
mass destruction or for war making capabilities.
Sec. B - The Structure for Enforcement: World Attorneys General
The Enforcement System shall be headed by an Office of World Attorneys General
and a Commission of Regional World Attorneys.
The Office of World Attorneys General shall be comprised of five members,
one of whom shall be designated as the World Attorney General and the other
four shall each be designated an Associate World Attorney General.
The Commission of Regional World Attorneys shall consist of twenty Regional
World Attorneys.
The members to compse the Office of World Attorneys General shall be nominated
by the House of Counsellors, with three nominees from each Continental Division
of Earth. One member of the Office shall be elected from each of five Continental
Divisions by plurality vote of the three houses of the World Parliament in
joint session.
The term of office for a member of the Office of World Attorneys General
shall be ten years. A member may serve two consecutive terms. The position
of World Attorney General shall rotate every two years among the five members
of the Office. The orde r of rotation shall be decided among the five members
of the Office.
The Office of World Attorneys General shall nominate members for the Commission
of twenty Regional World Attorneys from the twenty World Electoral and
Administrative Regions, with between two and three nominees submitted for
each Region. From these n ominations, the three Houses of the World Parliament
in joint session shall elect one Regional World Attorney from each of the
twenty Regions. Regional World Attorneys shall serve terms of five years,
and may serve three consecutive terms.
Each Regional World Attorney shall organize and be in charge of an Office
of Regional World Attorney. Each Associate World Attorney General shall supervise
five Offices of Regional World Attorneys.
The staff to carry out the work of enforcement, in addition to the five members
of the Office of World Attorneys General and the twenty Regional World Attorneys,
shall be selected from civil service lists, and shall be organized for the
following func tions:
-
Investigation.
-
Apprehension and arrest.
-
Prosecution.
-
Remedies and correction.
-
Conflict resolution.
Qualifications for a member of the Office of World Attorneys General and
for the Regional World Attorneys shall be at least thirty years of age, at
least seven years legal experience, and education in law and the humanities.
The World Attorney General, the Associate World Attorneys General, and the
Regional World Attorneys shall at all times be responsible to the World
Parliament. Any member of the Office of World Attorneys General and any Regional
World Attorney can be r emoved from office for cause by a simple majority
vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint session.
Sec. C - The World Police
-
That section of the staff of the Office of World Attorneys General and of
the Offices of Regional World Attorneys responsible for the apprehension
and arrest of violators of world law and world legislation, shall be designated
as World Police.
-
Each regional staff of the World Police shall be headed by a Regional World
Police Captain, who shall be appointed by the Regional World Attorney.
-
The Office of World Attorneys General shall appoint a World Police Supervisor,
to be in charge of those activities which transcend regional boundaries.
The World Police Supervisor shall direct the Regional World Police Captains
in any actions which r equire coordinated or joint action transcending regional
boundaries, and shall direct any action which requires initiation or direction
from the Office of World Attorneys General.
-
Searches and arrests to be made by World Police shall be made only upon warrants
issued by the Office of World Attorneys General or by a Regional World Attorney.
-
World Police shall be armed only with weapons appropriate for the apprehension
of the individuals responsible for violation of world law.
-
Employment in the capacity of World Police Captain and World Police Supervisor
shall be limited to ten years.
-
The World Police Supervisor and any Regional World Police Captain may be
removed from office for cause by decision of the Office of World Attorneys
General or by absolute majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament
in joint session.
Sec. D - The Means of Enforcement
-
Non-military means of enforcement of world law and world legislation shall
be developed by the World Parliament and by the Office of World Attorneys
General in consultation with the Commission of Regional World Attorneys,
the Collegium of World Judges , the World Presidium, and the World Ombudsmus.
The actual means of enforcement shall require legislation by the World
Parliament.
-
Non-military means of enforcement which can be developed may include: Denial
of financial credit; denial of material resources and personnel; revocation
of licenses, charters, or corporate rights; impounding of equipment; fines
and damage payments; pe rformance of work to rectify damages; imprisonment
or isolation; and other means appropriate to the specific situations.
-
To cope with situations of potential or actual riots, insurrection and resort
to armed violence, particular strategies and methods shall be developed by
the World Parliament and by the Office of World Attorneys General in consultation
with the Commiss ion of Regional World Attorneys, the collegium of World
Judges, the Presidium and the World Ombudsmus. Such strategies and methods
shall require enabling legislation by the World Parliament where required
in addition to the specific provisions of this Wor ld Constitution.
-
A basic condition for preventing outbreaks of violence which the Enforcement
System shall facilitate in every way possible, shall be to assure a fair
hearing under non-violent circumstances for any person or group having a
grievance, and likewise to a ssure a fair opportunity for a just settlement
of any grievance with due regard for the rights and welfare of all concerned.
Sec. A - Functions and Powers of the World Ombudsmus
The functions and powers of the World Ombudsmus, as public defender, shall
include the following:
-
To protect the People of Earth and all individuals against violations or
neglect of universal human and civil rights which are stipulated in Article
12 and other sections of this World Constitution.
-
To protect the People of Earth against violations of this World Constitution
by any official or agency of the World Government, including both elected
and appointed officials or public employees regardless of organ, department,
office, agency or rank.
-
To press for the implementation of the Directive Principles for the World
Government as defined in Article 13 of this World Constitution.
-
To promote the welfare of the people of Earth by seeking to assure that
conditions of social justice and of minimizing disparities are achieved in
the implementation and administration of world legislation and world law.
-
To keep on the alert for perils to humanity arising from technological
innovations, environmental disruptions and other diverse sources, and to
launch initiatives for correction or prevention of such perils.
-
To ascertain that the administration of otherwise proper laws, ordinances
and procedures of the World Government do not result in unforseen injustices
or inequities, or become stultified in bureaucracy or the details of
administration.
-
To receive and hear complaints, grievances or requests for aid from any person,
group, organization, association, body politic or agency concerning any matter
which comes within the purview of the World Ombudsmus.
-
To request the Office of World Attorneys General or any Regional World Attorney
to initiate legal actions or court proceedings whenever and wherever considered
necessary or desirable in the view of the World Ombudsmus.
-
To directly initiate legal actions and court proceedings whenever the World
Ombudsmus deems necessary.
-
To review the functioning of the departments, bureaus, offices, commissions,
institutes, organs and agencies of the World Government to ascertain whether
the procedures of the World government are adequately fulfilling their purposes
and serving the w elfare of humanity in optimum fashion, and to make
recommendations for improvements.
-
To present an annual report to the World Parliament and to the Presidium
on the activities of the World Ombudsmus, together with any recommendations
for legislative measures to improve the functioning of the World Government
for the purpose of better serving the welfare of the People of Earth.
Sec. B - Composition of the World Ombudsmus
-
The World Ombudsmus shall be headed by a Council of World Ombudsen of five
members, one of whom shall be designated as Principal World Ombudsan, while
the other four shall each be designated as an Associate World Ombudsan.
-
Members to compose the Council of World Ombudsen shall be nominated by the
House of Counsellors, with three nominees from each Continental Division
of Earth. One member of the Council shall be elected from each of five
Continental Divisions by plural ity vote of the three Houses of the World
Parliament in joint session.
-
The term of office for a World Ombudsan shall be ten years. A World Ombudsan
may serve two successive terms. The position of Principal World Ombudsan
shall be rotated every two years. The order of rotation shall be determined
by the Council of World Ombudsen.
-
The Council of World Ombudsen shall be assisted by a Commission of World
Advocates of twenty members. Members for the Commission of World Advocates
shall be nominated by the Council of World Ombudsen from twenty World Electoral
and Administrative Reg ions, with between two and three nominees submitted
for each Region. One World Advocate shall be elected from each of the twenty
World Electoral and Administrative Regions by the three Houses of the World
Parliament in joint session. World Advocates shall serve terms of five years,
and may serve a maximum of four successive terms.
-
The Council of World Ombudsen shall establish twenty regional offices, in
addition to the principal world office at the primary seat of the World
Government. The twenty regional offices of the World Ombudsmus shall parallel
the organization of the twe nty Offices of Regional World Attorney.
-
Each regional office of the World Ombudsmus shall be headed by a World Advocate.
Each five regional offices of the World Ombudmus shall be supervised by an
Associate World Ombudsan.
-
Any World Ombudsan and any World Advocatet may be removed from office for
cause by an absolute majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament
in joint session.
-
Staff members for the World Ombudsmus and for each regional office of the
World Ombudsmus shall be selected and employed from civil service lists.
-
Qualifications for World Ombudsan and for World Advocate shall be at least
thirty years of age, at least five years legal experience, and education
in law and other relevant education.
The inhabitants and citizens of Earth who are within the Federation of Earth
shall have certain inalienable rights defined hereunder. It shall be mandatory
for the World Parliament, the World Executive, and all organs and agencies
of the World Government to honor, implement and enforce these rights, as
well as for the national governments of all member nations in the Federation
of Earth to do likewise. Individuals or groups suffering violation or neglect
of such rightst shall have full recourse through the World Ombudsmus, the
Enforcement System and the World Courts for redress of grievances. The
inalienable rights shall include the following:
-
Equal rights for all citizens of the Federation of Earth, with no discrimination
on grounds of race, color, caste, nationality, sex, religion, political
affiliation, property, or social status.
-
Equal protection and application of world legislation and world laws for
all citizens of the Federation of Earth.
-
Freedom of thought and conscience, speech, press, writing, communication,
expression, publication, broadcasting, telecasting, and cinema, except as
an overt part of or incitement to violence, armed riot or insurrection.
-
Freedom of assembly, association, organization, petition and peaceful
demonstration.
-
Freedom to vote without duress, and freedom for political organization and
campaigning without censorship or recrimination.
-
Freedom to profess, practice and promote religious or religious beliefs or
no religion or religious belief.
-
Freedom to profess and promote political beliefs or no political beliefs.
-
Freedom for investigation, research and reporting.
-
Freedom to travel without passport or visas or other forms of registration
used to limit travel between, among or within nations.
-
Prohibition against slavery, peonage, involuntary servitude, and conscription
of labor.
-
Prohibition against military conscription.
-
Safety of person from arbitrary or unreasonable arrest, detention, exile,
search or seizure; requirement of warrants for searches and arrests.
-
Prohibition against physical or psychological duress or torture during any
period of investigation, arrest, detention or imprisonment, and against cruel
or unusual punishment.
-
Right of habeous corpus; no ex-post-facto laws; no double jeopardy; right
to refuse self-incrimination or the incrimination of another.
-
Prohibition against private armies and paramilitary organizations as being
threats to the common peace and safety.
-
Safety of property from arbitrary seizure; protection against exercise of
the power of eminent domain without reasonable compensation.
-
Right to family planning and free public assistance to achieve family planning
objectives.
-
Right of privacy of person, family and association; prohibition against
surveillance as a means of political control.
It shall be the aim of the World Government to secure certain other rights
for all inhabitants within the Federation of Earth, but without immediate
guarantee of universal achievement and enforcement. These rightst are defined
as Directive Principles, obligating the World Government to pursue every
reasonable means for universal realization and implementation, and shall
include the following:
-
Equal opportunity for useful employment for everyone, with wages or remuneration
sufficient to assure human dignity.
-
Freedom of choice in work, occupation, employment or profession.
-
Full access to information and to the accumulated knowledge of the human
race.
-
Free and adequate public education available to everyone, extending to the
pre-university level; Equal opportunities for elementary and higher education
for all persons; equal opportunity for continued education for all persons
throughout life; the ri ght of any person or parent to choose a private
educational institution at any time.
-
Free and adequate public health services and medical care available to everyone
throughout life under conditions of free choice.
-
Equal opportunity for leisure time for everyone; better distribution of the
work load of society so that every person may have equitable leisure time
opportunities.
-
Equal opportunity for everyone to enjoy the benefits of scientific and
technological discoveries and developments.
-
Protection for everyone against the hazards and perils of technological
innovations and developments.
-
Protection of the natural environment which is the common heritage of humanity
against pollution, ecological disruption or damage which could imperil life
or lower the quality of life.
-
Conservation of those natural resources of Earth which are limited so that
present and future generations may continue to enjoy life on the planet Earth.
-
Assurance for everyone of adequate housing, of adequate and nutritious food
supplies, of safe and adequate water supplies, of pure air with protection
of oxygen supplies and the ozone layer, and in general for the continuance
of an environment which c an sustain healthy living for all.
-
Assure to each child the right to the full realization of his or her potential.
-
Social Security for everyone to relieve the hazards of unemployment, sickness,
old age, family circumstances, disability, catastrophies of nature, and
technological change, and to allow retirement with sufficient lifetime income
for living under condi tions of human dignity during older age.
-
Rapid elimination of and prohibitions against technological hazards and man-made
environmental disturbances which are found to create dangers to life on Earth.
-
Implementation of intensive programs to discover, develop and institute safe
alternatives and practical substitutions for technologies which must be
eliminated and prohibited because of hazards and dangers to life.
-
Encouragement for cultural diversity; encouragement for decentralized
administration.
-
Freedom for peaceful self-determination for minorities, refugees and dissenters.
-
Freedom for change of residence to anywhere on Earth conditioned by provisions
for temporary sanctuaries in events of large numbers of refugees, stateless
persons, or mass migrations.
-
Prohibition against the death penalty.
Sec. A - Certain Safeguards
The World Government shall operate to secure for all nations and peoples
within the Federation of Earth the safeguards which are defined hereunder:
-
Guarantee that full faith and credit shall be given to the public acts, records,
legislation and judicial proceedings of the member nations within the Federation
of Earth, consistent with the several provisions of this World Constitution.
-
Assure freedom of choice within the member nations and countries of the
Federation of Earth to determine their internal political, economic and social
systems, consistent with the guarantees and protections given under this
World Constitution to assur e civil liberties and human rights and a safe
environment for life, and otherwise consistent with the several provisions
of this World Constitution.
-
Grant the right of asylum within the Federation of Earth for persons who
may seek refuge from countries or nations which are not yet included within
the Federation of Earth.
-
Grant the right of individuals and groups, after the Federation of Earth
includes 90 percent of the territory of Earth, to peacefully leave the hegemony
of the Federation of Earth and to live in suitable territory set aside by
the Federation neither r estricted nor protected by the World Government,
provided that such territory does not extend beyond five percent of Earth's
habitable territory, is kept completely disarmed and not used as a base for
inciting violence or insurrection within or against th e Federation of Earth
or any member nation, and is kept free of acts of environmental or technological
damage which seriously affect Earth outside such territory.
Sec. B - Reservation of Powers
The powers not delegated to the World Government by this World Constitution
shall be reserved to the nations of the Federation of Earth and to the people
of Earth.
Sec. A - World Federal Zones
-
Twenty World Federal Zones shall be established within the twenty World Electoral
and Administrative Regions, for the purposes of the location of the several
organs of the World Government and of the administrative departments, the
world courts, the o ffices of the Regional World Attorneys, the offices of
the World Advocates, and for the location of other branches, departments,
institutes, offices, bureaus, commissions, agencies and parts of the World
Government.
-
The World Federal Zones shall be established as the needs and resources of
the World Government develop and expand. World Federal Zones shall be established
first within each of five Continental Divisions.
-
The location and administration of the World Federal Zones, including the
first five, shall be determined by the World Parliament.
Sec. B - The World Capitals
-
Five World Capitals shall be established in each of five Continental Divisions
of Earth, to be located in each of the five World Federal Zones which are
established first as provided in Article 15 of this World Constitution.
-
One of the World Capitals shall be designated by the World Parliament as
the Primary World Capital, and the other four shall be designated as Secondary
World Capitals.
-
The primary seats of all organs of the World Government shall be located
in the Primary World Capital, and other major seats of the several organs
of the World Government shall be located in the Secondary World Capitals.
Sec. C - Locational Procedures
-
Choices for location of the twenty World Federal Zones and for the five World
Capitals shall be proposed by the Presidium, and then shall be decided by
a simple majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint
session. The Presidium shall offer choices of two or three locations in each
of the twenty World Electoral and Administrative Regions to be World Federal
Zones, and shall offer two alternative choices for each of the five World
Capitals.
-
The Presidium in consultation with the Executive Cabinet shall then propose
which of the five World Capitals shall be the Primary World Capital, to be
decided by a simply majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament
in joint session.
-
Each organ of the World Government shall decide how best to apportion and
organize its functions and activities among the five World Capitals, and
among the twenty World Federal Zones, subject to specific directions from
the World Parliament.
-
The World Parliament may decide to rotate its sessions among the five World
Capitals, and if so, to decide the procedure for rotation.
-
For the first two operative stages of World Government as defined in Article
17, and for the Provisional World Government as defined in Article 19, a
provisional location may be selected for the Primary World Capital. The
provisional location need no t be continued as a permanent location.
-
Any World Capital or World Federal Zone may be relocated by an absolute
two-thirds majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint
session.
-
Additional World Federal Zones may be designated if found necessary by proposal
of the Presidium and approval by an absolute majority vote of the three Houses
of the World Parliament in joint session.
Sec. A - World Territory
-
Those areas of the Earth and Earth's moon which are not under the jurisdiction
of existing nations at the time of forming the Federation of Earth, or which
are not reasonably within the province of national ownership and administration,
or which are d eclared to be World Territory subsequent to establishment
of the Federation of Earth, shall be designated as World Territory and shall
belong to all of the people of Earth.
-
The administration of World Territory shall be determined by the World Parliament
and implemented by the World Executive, and shall apply to the following
areas:
-
All oceans and seas having an international or supra-national character,
together with the seabeds and resources thereof, beginning at a distance
of twenty kilometers offshore, excluding inland seas of traditional national
ownership.
-
Vital straits, channels, and canals.
-
The atmosphere enveloping Earth, beginning at an elevation of one kilometer
above the general surface of the land, excluding the depressions in areas
of much variation in elevation.
-
Man-made satellites and Earth's moon.
-
Colonies which may choose the status of World Territory; non-independent
territories under the trust administration of nations or of the United Nations;
any islands or atolls which are unclaimed by any nation; independent lands
or countries which choo se the status of World Territory; and disputed lands
which choose the status of World Territory.
-
The residents of any World Territory, except designated World Federal Zones,
shall have the right within reason to decide by plebiscite to become a
self-governing nation within the Federation of Earth, either singly or in
combination with other World Territories, or to unite with an existing nation
with the Federation of Earth.
Sec. B - Exterior Relations
-
The World Government shall maintain exterior relations with those nations
of Earth which have not joined the Federation of Earth. Exterior relations
shall be under the administration of the Presidium, subject at all times
to specific instructions and approval by the World Parliament.
-
All treaties and agreements with nations remaining outside the Federation
of Earth shall be negotiated by the Presidium and must be ratified by a simple
majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament.
-
The World Government for the Federation of Earth shall establish and maintain
peaceful relations with other planets and celestial bodies where and when
it may become possible to establish communications with the possible inhabitants
thereof.
-
All explorations into outer space, both within and beyond the solar system
in which Planet Earth is located, shall be under the exclusive direction
and control of the World Government, and shall be conducted in such manner
as shall be determined by th e World Parliament.
Sec. A - Ratification of the World Constitution
This World Constitution shall be submitted to the nations and people of Earth
for ratification by the following procedures:
-
The World Constitution shall be transmitted to the General Assembly of the
United Nations Organization and to each national government on Earth, with
the request that the World Constitution be submitted to the national legislature
of each nation for p reliminary ratification and to the people of each nation
for final ratification by popular referendum.
-
Preliminary ratification by a national legislature shall be accomplished
by simple majority vote of the national legislature.
-
Final ratification by the people shall be accomplished by a simple majority
of votes cast in a popular referendum, provided that a minimum of twenty-five
percent of eligible voters of age eighteen years and over have cast ballots
within the nation or country or within World Electoral and Administrative
Districts.
-
In the case of a nation without a national legislature, the head of the national
government shall be requested to give preliminary ratification and to submit
the World Constitution for final ratification by popular referendum.
-
In the event that a national government, after six months, fails to submit
the World Constitution for ratification as requested, then the global agency
assuming responsibility for the worldwide ratification campaign may proceed
to conduct a direct ref erendum for ratification of the World Constitution
by the people. Direct referendums may be organized on the basis of entire
nations or countries, or on the basis of existing defined communities within
nations.
-
In the event of a direct ratification referendum, final ratification shall
be accomplished by a majority of the votes cast whether for an entire nation
or for a World Electoral and Administrative District, provided that ballots
are cast by a minimum o f twenty-five percent of eligible voters of the area
who are over eighteen years of age.
-
For ratification by existing communities within a nation, the procedure shall
be to request local communities, cities, counties, states, provinces, cantons,
prefectures, tribal jurisdictions, or other defined political units within
a nation to ratify the World Constitution, and to submit the World Constitution
for a referendum vote by the citizens of the community or political unit.
Ratification may be accomplished by proceeding in this way until all eligible
voters of age eighteen and above within t he nation or World Electoral and
Administrative District have had the opportunity to vote, provided that ballots
are cast by a minimum of twenty-five percent of those eligible to vote.
-
Prior to the Full Operative Stage of World Government, as defined under Section
E of Article XVII, the universities, colleges and scientific academies and
institutes in any country may ratify the World Constitution, thus qualifying
them for participat ion in the nomination of Members of the World Parliament
to the House of Counsellors.
-
In the case of those nations currently involved in serious international
disputes or where traditional enmities and chronic disputes may exist among
two or more nations, a procedure for concurrent paired ratification shall
be instituted whereby the na tions which are parties to a current or chronic
international dispute or conflict may simultaneously ratify the World
Constitution. In such cases, the paired nations shall be admitted into the
Federation of Earth simultaneously, with the obligation for e ach such nation
to immediately turn over all weapons of mass destruction to the World Government,
and to turn over the conflict or dispute for mandatory peaceful settlement
by the World Government.
-
Each nation or political unit which ratifies this World Constitution, either
by preliminary ratification or final ratification, shall be bound never to
use any armed forces or weapons of mass destruction against another member
or unit of the Federatio n of Earth, regardless of how long it may take to
achieve full disarmament of all the nations and political units which ratify
this World Constitution.
-
When ratified, the Constitution for the Federation of Earth becomes the supreme
law of Earth. By the act of ratifying this Earth Constitution, any provision
in the Constitution or Legislation of any country so ratifying, which is
contrary to this Eart h Constitution, is either repealed or amended to conform
with the Constitution for the Federation of Earth, effective as soon as 25
countries have so ratified. The amendment of National or State Constitutions
to allow entry into World Federation is not ne cessary prior to ratification
of the Constitution for the Federation of Earth.
Sec. B - Stages of Implementation
-
Implementation of this World Constitution and the establishment of World
Government pursuant to the terms of this World Constitution, may be accomplished
in three stages, as follows, in addition to the stage of a Provisional World
Government as provid ed under Article 19:
-
First Operative Stage of World Government.
-
Second Operative Stage of World Government.
-
Full Operative Stage of World Government.
-
At the beginning and during each stage, the World Parliament and the World
Executive together shall establish goals and develop means for the progressive
implementation of the World Constitution, and for the implementation of
legislation enacted by th e World Parliament.
Sec. C - First Operative Stage of World Government
-
The first operative stage of World Government under this World Constitution
shall be implemented when the World Constitution is ratified by a sufficient
number of nations and/or people to meet one or the other of the following
conditions or equivalent :
-
Preliminary or final ratification by a minimum of twenty-five nations, each
having a population of more than 100,000.
-
Preliminary or final ratification by a minimum of ten nations above 100,000
population, together with ratification by direct referendum within a minimum
of fifty additional World Electoral and Administrative Districts.
-
Ratification by direct referendum within a minimum of 100 World Electoral
and Administrative Districts, even though no nation as such has ratified.
-
The election of Members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples shall
be conducted in all World Electoral and Administrative Districts where
ratification has been accomplished by popular referendum.
-
The Election of Members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples may
proceed concurrently with direct popular referendums both prior to and after
the First Operative Stage of World Government is reached.
-
The appointment or election of Members of the World Parliament to the House
of Nations shall proceed in all nations where preliminary ratification has
been accomplished.
-
One-fourth of the Members of the World Parliament to the House of Counsellors
may be elected from nominees submitted by universities and colleges which
have ratified the World Constitution.
-
The World Presidium and the Executive Cabinet shall be elected according
to the provisions in article VI, except that in the absence of a House of
Counsellors, the nominations shall be made by the members of the House of
Peoples and of the House of Na tions in joint session. Until this is
accomplished, the Presidium and Executive Cabinet of the Provisional World
Government as provided in Article 19, shall continue to serve.
-
When composed, the Presidium for the first operative stage of World Government
shall assign or re-assign Ministerial posts among Cabinet and Presidium members,
and shall immediately establish or confirm a World Disarmament Agency and
a World Economic and Development Organization.
-
Those nations which ratify this World Constitution and thereby join the
Federation of Earth, shall immediately transfer all weapons of mass destruction
as defined and designated by the World Disarmament Agency to that Agency.
(See Article 19, Sections A-2-d, B-6 and E-5). The World Disarmament Agency
shall immediately immobilize all such weapons and shall proceed with dispatch
to dismantle, convert to peacetime use, re-cycle the materials thereof or
otherwise destroy all such weapons. During the fir st operative stage of
World Government, the ratifying nations may retain armed forces equipped
with weapons other than weapons of mass destruction as defined and designated
by the World Disarmament Agency.
-
Concurrently with the reduction or elimination of such weapons of mass
destruction and other military expenditures as can be accomplished during
the first operative stage of World Government, the member nations of the
Federation of Earth shall pay ann ually to the Treasury of the World Government
amounts equal to one-half the amounts saved from their respective national
military budgets during the last year before joining the Federation, and
shall continue such payments until the full operative stage o f World Government
is reached. The World Government shall use fifty percent of the funds thus
received to finance the work and projects of the World Economic Development
Organization.
-
The World Parliament and the World Executive shall continue to develop the
organs, departments, agencies and activities originated under the Provisional
World Government, with such amendments as deemed necessary; and shall proceed
to establish and beg in the following organs, departments and agencies of
the World Government, if not already underway, together with such other
departments, and agencies as are considered desirable and feasible during
the first operative stage of World Government:
-
The World Supreme Court;
-
The Enforcement System;
-
The World Ombudsmus;
-
The World Civil Service Administration;
-
The World Financial Administration;
-
The Agency for Research and Planning;
-
The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment;
-
An Emergency Earth Rescue Administration, concerned with all aspects of climate
change and related factors;
-
An Integrated Global Energy System, based on environmentally safe sources;
-
A World University System, under the Department of Education;
-
A World Corporations Office, under the Department of Commerce and Industry;
-
The World Service Corps;
-
A World Oceans and Seabeds Administration.
-
At the beginning of the first operative stage, the Presidium in consultation
with the Executive Cabinet shall formulate and put forward a proposed program
for solving the most urgent world problems currently confronting humanity.
-
The World Parliament shall proceed to work upon solutions to world problems.
The World Parliament and the World Executive working together shall institute
through the several organs, departments and agencies of the World Government
whatever means sha ll seem appropriate and feasible to accomplish the
implementation and enforcement of world legislation, world law and the World
Constitution; and in particular shall take certain decisive actions for the
welfare of all people on Earth, applicable througho ut the world, including
but not limited to the following:
-
Expedite the organization and work of an Emergency Earth Rescue Administration,
concerned with all aspects of climate change and climate crises;
-
Expedite the new finance, credit and monetary system, to serve human needs;
-
Expedite an integrated global energy system, utilizing solar energy, hydrogen
energy, and other safe and sustainable sources of energy;
-
Push forward a global program for agricultural production to achieve maximum
sustained yield under conditions which are ecologically sound;
-
Establish conditions for free trade within the Federation of Earth;
-
Call for and find ways to implement a moratorium on nuclear energy projects
until all problems are solved concerning safety, disposal of toxic wastes
and the dangers of use or diversion of materials for the production of nuclear
weapons;
-
Outlaw and find ways to completely terminate the production of nuclear weapons
and all weapons of mass destruction;
-
Push forward programs to assure adequate and non-polluted water supplies
and clean air supplies for everybody on Earth;
-
Push forward a global program to conserve and re-cycle the resources of Earth.
-
Develop an accetable program to bring population growth under control, especially
by raising standards of living.
Sec. D - Second Operative Stage of World Government
-
The second operative stage of World Government shall be implemented when
fifty percent or more of the nations of Earth have given either preliminary
or final ratification to this World Constitution, provided that fifty percent
of the total population of Earth is included either within the ratifying
nations or within the ratifying nations together with additional World Electoral
and Administrative Districts where people have ratified the World Constitution
by direct referendum.
-
The election and appointment of Members of the World Parliament to the several
Houses of the World Parliament shall proceed in the same manner as specified
for the first operative stage in Section C-2,3,4 and 5 of Article 17.
-
The terms of office of the Members of the World Parliament elected or appointed
for the first operative stage of World Government, shall be extended into
the second operative stage unless they have already served five year terms,
in which case new ele ctions or appointments shall be arranged. The terms
of holdover Members of the World Parliament into the second operative stage
shall be adjusted to run concurrently with the terms of those who are newly
elected at the beginning of the second operative st age.
-
The World Presidium and the Executive Cabinet shall be re-constituted or
reconfirmed, as needed, at the beginning of the second operative stage of
World Government.
-
The World Parliament and the World Executive shall continue to develop the
organs, departments, agencies and activities which are already underway from
the first operative stage of World Government, with such amendments as deemed
necessary; and shall proceed to establish and develop all other organs and
major departments and agencies of the World Government to the extent deemed
feasible during the second operative stage.
-
All nations joining the Federation of Earth to compose the second operative
stage of World Government, shall immediately transfer all weapons of mass
destruction and all other military weapons and equipment to the World Disarmament
Agency, which shall immediately immobilize such weapons and equipment and
shall proceed forthwith to dismantle, convert to peacetime uses, recycle
the materials thereof, or otherwise destroy such weapons and equipment. During
the second operative stage, all armed forces an d para-military forces of
the nations which have joined the Federation of Earth shall be completely
disarmed and either disbanded or converted on a voluntary basis into elements
of the non-military World Service Corps.
-
Concurrently with the reduction or elimination of such weapons, equipment
and other military expenditures as can be accomplished during the second
operative stage of World Government, the member nations of the Federation
of Earth shall pay annually to the Treasury of the World Government amounts
equal to one-half of the amounts saved from their national military budgets
during the last year before joining the Federation and shall continue such
payments until the full operative stage of World Governmen t is reached.
The World Government shall use fifty percent of the funds thus received to
finance the work and projects of the World Economic Development Organization.
-
Upon formation of the Executive Cabinet for the second operative stage, the
Presidium shall issue an invitation to the General Assembly of the United
Nations Organization and to each of the specialized agencies of the United
Nations, as well as to oth er useful international agencies, to transfer
personnel, facilities, equipment, resources and allegiance to the Federation
of Earth and to the World Government thereof. The agencies and functions
of the United Nations Organization and of its specialized agencies and of
other international agencies which may be thus transferred, shall be
reconstituted as needed and integrated into the several organs, departments,
offices and agencies of the World Government.
-
Near the beginning of the second operative stage, the Presidium in consultation
with the Executive cabinet, shall formulate and put forward a proposed program
for solving the most urgent world problems currently confronting the people
of Earth.
-
The World Parliament shall proceed with legislation necessary for implementing
a complete program for solving the current urgent world problems.
-
The World Parliament and the World Executive working together shall develop
through the several organs, departments and agencies of the World Government
whatever means shall seem appropriate and feasible to implement legislation
for solving world prob lems; and in particular shall take certain decisive
actions for the welfare of all people on Earth, including but not limited
to the following:
-
Declaring all oceans, seas and canals having supra-national character (but
not including inland seas traditionally belonging to particular nations)
from twenty kilometers offshore, and all the seabeds thereof, to be under
the ownership of the Federati on of Earth as the common heritage of humanity,
and subject to the control and management of the World Government.
-
Declare the polar caps and surrounding polar areas, including the continent
of Antartica but not areas which are traditionally a part of particular nations,
to be world territory owned by the Federation of Earth as the common heritage
of humanity, and subject to control and management by the World Government.
-
Outlaw the possession, stockpiling, sale and use of all nuclear weapons,
all weapons of mass destruction, and all other military weapons and equipment.
-
Establish an ever-normal grainery and food supply system for the people of
Earth.
-
Develop and carry forward insofar as feasible all actions defined under Sec.
C-10 and C-12 of the First Operative Stage.
Sec. E - Full Operative Stage of World Government
-
The full operative stage of World Government shall be implemented when this
World Constitution is given either preliminary or final ratification by meeting
either condition (a) or (b):
-
Ratification by eighty percent or more of the nations of Earth comprising
at least ninety percent of the population of Earth; or
-
Ratification which includes ninety percent of Earth's total population, either
within ratifying nations or within ratifying nations together with additional
World Electoral and Administrative Districts where ratification by direct
referendum has been accomplished, as provided in Article 17, Section A.
-
When the full operative stage of World Government is reached, the following
conditions shall be implemented:
-
Elections for Members of the House of Peoples shall be conducted in all World
Electoral and Administrative Districts where elections have not already taken
place; and Members of the House of Nations shall be elected or appointed
by the national legisl atures or national governments in all nations where
this has not already been accomplished.
-
The terms of office for Members of the House of Peoples and of the House
of Nations serving during the second operative stage, shall be continued
into the full operative stage, except for those who have already served five
years, in which case electio ns shall be held or appointments made as required.
-
The terms of office for all holdover Members of the House of Peoples and
of the House of Nations who have served less than five years, shall be adjusted
to run concurrently with those Members of the World Parliament whose terms
are beginning with the full operative stage.
-
The second 100 Members of the House of Counsellors shall be elected according
to the procedure specified in Section E of Article 5. The terms of office
for holdover Members of the House of Counsellors shall run five more years
after the beginning of the full operative stage, while those beginning their
terms with the full operative stage shall serve ten years.
-
The Presidium and the Executive Cabinet shall be reconstituted in accordance
with the provisions of Article 6.
-
All organs of the World Government shall be made fully operative, and shall
be fully developed for the effective administration and implementation of
world legislation, world law and the provisions of this World Constitution.
-
All nations which have not already done so shall immediately transfer all
military weapons and equipment to the World Disarmament Agency, which shall
immediately immobilize all such weapons and shall proceed forthwith to dismantle,
convert to peaceful usage, recycle the materials thereof, or otherwise to
destroy such weapons and equipment.
-
All armies and military forces of every kind shall be completely disarmed,
and either disbanded or converted and integrated on a voluntary basis into
the non-military World Service Corps.
-
All viable agencies of the United Nations Organization and other viable
international agencies established among national governments, together with
their personnel, facilities and resources, shall be transferred to the World
Government and reconstitu ted and integrated as may be useful into the organs,
departments, offices, institutes, commissions, bureaus and agencies of the
World Government.
-
The World Parliament and the World Executive shall continue to develop the
activities and projects which are already underway from the second operative
stage of World Government, with such amendments as deemed necessary; and
shall proceed with a compl ete and full scale program to solve world problems
and serve the welfare of all people on Earth, in accordance with the provisions
of this World Constitution.
Sec. F - Costs of Ratification
The work and costs of private Citizens of Earth for the achievement of a
ratified Constitution for the Federation of Earth, are recognized as legitimate
costs for the establishment of constitutional world government by which present
and future generations will benefit, and shall be repaid double the original
amount by the World Financial Administration of the World Government when
it becomes operational after 25 countries have ratified this Constitution
for the Federation of Earth. Repayment specifically includes contributions
to the World Government Funding Corporation and other costs and expenses
recognized by standardsd and procedures to be established by the World Financial
Administration.
-
Following completion of the first operative stage of World Government, amendments
to this World Constitution may be proposed for consideration in two ways:
-
By a simple majority vote of any House of the World Parliament.
-
By petitions signed by a total of 200,000 persons eligible to vote in world
elections from a total of at least twenty World Electoral and Administrative
Districts where the World Constitution has received final ratification.
-
Passage of any amendment proposed by a House of the World Parliament shall
require an absolute two-thirds majority vote of each of the three Houses
of the World Parliament voting separately.
-
An amendment proposed by popular petition shall first require a simple majority
vote of the House of Peoples, which shall be obliged to take a vote upon
the proposed amendment. Passage of the amendment shall then require an absolute
two-thirds majori ty vote of each of the three Houses of the World Parliament
voting separately.
-
Periodically, but no later than ten years after first convening the World
Parliament for the First Operative Stage of World Government, and every 20
years thereafter, the Members of the World Parliament shall meet in special
session comprising a Const itutional Convention to conduct a review of this
World Constitution to consider and propose possible amendments, which shall
then require action as specified in Clause 2 of Article XVIII for passage.
-
If the First Operative Stage of World Government is not reached by the year
1995, then the Provisional World Parliament, as provided under Article XIX,
may convene another session of the World Constituent Assembly to review the
Constitution for the Fe deration of Earth and consider possible amendments
according to procedure established by the Provisional World Parliament.
-
Except by following the amendment procedures specified herein, no part of
this World Constitution may be set aside, suspended or subverted, neither
for emergencies nor caprice nor convenience.
Sec. A - Actions to be Taken by the World Constituent Assembly
Upon adoption of the World Constitution by the World Constituent Assembly,
the Assembly and such continuing agency or agencies as it shall designate
shall do the following, without being limited thereto:
-
Issue a Call to all Nations, communities and people of Earth to ratify this
World Constitution for World Government.
-
Establish the following preparatory commissions:
-
Ratification Commission.
-
World Elections Commission.
-
World Development Commission.
-
World Disarmament Commission.
-
World Problems Commission.
-
Nominating Commission.
-
Finance Commission.
-
Peace Research and Education Commission.
-
Special commissions on each of several of the most urgent world problems.
-
Such other commissions as may be deemed desirable in order to proceed with
the Provisional World Government.
-
Convene Sessions of a Provisional World Parliament when feasible under the
following conditions:
-
Seek the commitment of 500 or more delegates to attend, representing people
in 20 countries from five continents, and having credentials defined by Article
19, Section C;
-
The minimum funds necessary to organize the sessions of the Provisional World
Parliament are either on hand or firmly pledged.
-
Suitable locations are confirmed at least nine months in advance, unless
emergency conditions justify shorter advance notice.
Sec. B - Work of the Preparatory Commissions
-
The Ratification Commission shall carry out a worldwide campaign for the
ratification of the World Constitution, both to obtain preliminary ratification
by national governments, including national legislatures, and to obtain final
ratification by peop le, including communities. The ratification commission
shall continue its work until the full operative stage of World Government
is reached.
-
The World Elections Commission shall prepare a provisional global map of
World Electoral and Administrative Districts and Regions which may be revised
during the first or second operative stage of World Government, and shall
prepare and proceed with p lans to obtain the election of Members of the
World Parliament to the House of Peoples and to the House of Counsellors.
The World Elections Commission shall in due course be converted into the
World Boundaries and Elections Administration.
-
After six months, in those countries where national governments have not
responded favorable to the ratification call, the Ratification Commission
and the World Elections Commission may proceed jointly to accomplish both
the ratification of the World Constitution by direct popular referendum and
concurrently the election of Members of the World Parliament.
-
The Ratification Commission may also submit the World Constitution for
ratification by universities and colleges throughout the world.
-
The World Development Commission shall prepare plans for the creation of
a World Economic Development Organization to serve all nations and people
ratifying the World Constitution, and in particular less developed countries,
to begin functioning when the Provisional World Government is established.
-
The World Disarmament Commission shall prepare plans for the organization
of a World Disarmament Agency, to begin functioning when the Provisional
World Government is established.
-
The World Problems Commission shall prepare an agenda of urgent world problems,
with documentation, for possible action by the Provisional World Parliament
and Provisional World Government.
-
The Nominating Commission shall prepare, in advance of convening the Provisional
World Parliament, a list of nominees to compose the Presidium and the Executive
Cabinet for the Provisional World Government.
-
The Finance Commission shall work on ways and means for financing the Provisional
World Government.
-
The several commissions on particular world problems shall work on the
preparation of proposed world legislation and action on each problem, to
present to the Provisional World Parliament when it convenes.
Sec. C - Composition of the Provisional World Parliament
-
The Provisional World Parliament shall be composed of the following members:
-
All those who were accredited as delegates to the 1977 and 1991 Sessions
of the World Constituent Assembly, as well as to any previous Session of
the Provisional World Parliament, and who re-confirm their support for the
Constitution for the Federatio n of Earth, as amended.
-
Persons who obtain the required number of signatures on election petitions,
or who are designated by Non-Governmental Organizations which adopt approved
resolutions for this purpose, or who are otherwise accredited according to
terms specified in Call s which may be issued to convene particular sessions
of the Provisional World Parliament.
-
Members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples who are elected from
World Electoral and Administrative Districts up to the time of convening
the Provisional World Parliament. Members of the World Parliament elected
to the House of Peoples ma y continue to be added to the Provisional World
Parliament until the first operative stage of World Government is reached.
-
Members of the World Parliament to the House of Nations who are elected by
national legislatures or appointed by national governments up to the time
of convening the Provisional World Parliament. Members of the World Parliament
to the House of Nation s may continue to be added to the Provisional World
Parliament until the first operative stage of World Government is reached.
-
Those universities and colleges which have ratified the World Constitution
may nominate persons to serve as Members of the World Parliament to the House
of Counsellors. The House of Peoples and House of Nations together may then
elect from such nomin ees up to fifty Members of the World Parliament to
serve in the House of Counsellors of the Provisional World Government.
-
Members of the Provisional World Parliament in categories (a) and (b) as
defined above, shall serve only until the first operative stage of World
Government is declared, but may be duly elected to continue as Members of
the World Parliament during the first operative stage.
Sec. D - Formation of the Provisional World Executive
-
As soon as the Provisional World Parliament next convenes, it will elect
a new Presidium for the Provisional World Parliament and Provisional World
Government from among the nominees submitted by the Nominating Commission.
-
Members of the Provisional World Presidium shall serve terms of three years,
and may be re-elected by the Provisional World Parliament, but in any case
shall serve only until the Presidium is elected under the First Operative
Stage of World Government .
-
The Presidium may make additional nominations for the Executive Cabinet.
-
The Provisional World Parliament shall then elect the members of the Executive
Cabinet.
-
The Presidium shall then assign ministerial posts among the members of the
Executive Cabinet and of the Presidium.
-
When steps (1) through (4) of section D are completed, the Provisional World
Government shall be declared in operation to serve the welfare of humanity.
Sec. E - First Actions of the Provisional World Government
-
The Presidium, in consultation with the Executive Cabinet, the commissions
on particular world problems and the World Parliament, shall define a program
for action on urgent world problems.
-
The Provisional World Parliament shall go to work on the agenda of world
problems, and shall take any and all actions it considers appropriate and
feasible, in accordance with the provisions of this World Constitution.
-
Implementation of and compliance with the legislation enacted by the Provisional
World Parliament shall be sought on a voluntary basis in return for the benefits
to be realized, while strength of the Provisional World Government is being
increased by the progressive ratification of the World Constitution.
-
Insofar as considered appropriate and feasible, the Provisional World Parliament
and Provisional World Executive may undertake some of the actions specified
under Section C-12 of Article 17 for the first operative stage of World
Government.
-
The World Economic Development Organization and the World Disarmament Agency
shall be established, for correlated actions.
-
The World Parliament and the Executive Cabinet of the Provisional World
Government shall proceed with the organization of other organs and agencies
of the World Government on a provisional basis, insofar as considered desirable
and feasible, in partic ular those specified under Section C-10 of Article
17.
-
The several preparatory commissions on urgent world problems may be reconstituted
as Administrative Departments of the Provisional World Government.
-
In all of its work and activities, the Provisional World Government shall
function in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution for the
Federation of Earth.
(The Constitution for the Federation of Earth was originally ratified
at the second session of the World Constituent Assembly held at Innsbruck,
Austria in June, 1977; and was amended and ratified at the fourth session
of the World Constituent Assembly held at Troia, Portugal in May 1991. The
Amended Constitution is being personally ratified by outstanding personalities
throughout the world as the campaign for ratification by the people and
governments of the world gets underway.)
For hard copies of this document, contact the organization below. Distribution
for ratification under the direction of the
World Constitution and Parliament Association and the Global Ratification
and Elections Network.
1480 Hoyt Street, Suite 31
Lakewood, Colorado 80215
USA
-
USA Phone 303-233-3548
-
Fax 303-526-0463
to Contents
Quote from Benjamin Franklin at the close of the U.S. Constitutional Convention
in 1787
"I doubt, too, whether any other Convention we can obtain may be able to
make a better constitution. For when you assemble a number of men to have
the advantage of their joint wisdom, you inevitably assemble with those men
all their prejudices, their passions, their errors of opinion, their local
interests and their selfish views. From such an assembly can a perfect production
be expected? It therefore astonishes our enemies, who are waiting with confidence
to hear that our councils are confounded, like those of the builders of Babel...
Thus I consent to this constitution, because I expect no better, and because
I am not sure that it is not the best. The opinions I have had of its errors
I sacrifice to the public good... I hope therefore, that for our own sakes,
as a part of the people, and for the sake of posterity, we shall act heartily
and unanimously in recommending this Constitution wherever our influence
may extend, and turn our future thoughts and endeavors to the means of having
it well administered."
to Contents
CALL to the GLOBAL RATIFICATION and ELECTIONS CAMPAIGN
In the course of history, particularly during the past several hundred years,
the technique of a Constituent Assembly has been developed and used under
various circumstances as a means to devise the constitutions for democratic
governments, either to create new governments where none existed before or
to replace old or crumbling governments under both peaceful and revolutionary
situations.
Sometimes such assemblies have been appointed by existing governments. At
other times, under the most favorable circumstances, such assemblies have
been elected by vote of established electorates. But at other times such
assemblies have been composed and convened under circumstances where only
a limited number of people of the country or areas involved actually took
part in the selection of delegates. Only a small minority of any electorate
might actually participate during the time when a new democratic government
is emerging under conditions of revolution from tyranny or of political turmoil
or urgent crises; or in the absence of any organized political system which
was willing or able to supervise a vote of the total potential electorate
for such an assembly or newly emerging democratic government.
It is under the later kind of circumstances that the move has gone forward
during the years since World War II for the organization of a World Constituent
Assembly to devise the constitution for a democratic form of federal world
government. No previous world government or competent world authority has
existed to organize or supervise elections to such a World Constituent Assembly.
No universally approved electoral lists exist for the conduct of such elections.
Existing national governments heretofore have proved unwilling or uninterested
or hostile or otherwise unable to assist in either the appointment or election
of working delegates to such a World Constituent Assembly, despite numerous
appeals -- although these appeals are continuing.
Under the existing circumstances of global anarchy, of political turmoil
in many parts of the world, of the suppression or non-functioning of democratic
electoral procedures in many parts of the world, as well as of the unprecedented
urgencies of many growing world-wide crises requiring extra-ordinary measures
if humanity is to survive, action has been organized by the World Constitution
and Parliament Association -- as well as by other organizations and groups
since 1945 -- to attempt to convene World Constituent Assemblies for the
purposes of preparing a constitution for democratic federal world government,
and of securing the acceptance and ratification of such a world constitution.
Under these circumstances, the World Constitution and Parliament Association
does not claim to have organized a World Constituent Assembly composed of
delegates fully representative of and elected by the full potential electorate
for such an assembly or for the subsequent world parliament which may emerge.
The only claim made is that the delegates and volunteer participants in the
four sessions of the World Constituent Assembly are composed of and are
representative of those people and elements of society scattered around the
globe who are ready, willing and able to move constructively under crises
circumstances to devise a Constitution for Democratic Federal World Government,
and to launch the first efforts to obtain widespread consideration and
ratification and the beginnings of implementation of such a World Constitution.
Under these circumstances, we believe there have been convened four sessions
of a World Constituent Assembly -- the first in August-September, 1968, at
Interlaken, Switzerland, and Wolfach, Germany; the second in June, 1977,
at Innsbruck, Austria; the third in 1978-79 at Colombo, Sri Lanka; and the
fourth Assembly in Troia, Portugal, in May 1991.
Finally, these sessions of a World Constituent Assembly are fully consonant
with the respected theory that democratic government arises from the initiative
and consent of the people who will be the citizens under that government,
that people at all times have the democratic right and prerogative to discharge
or change any governments which do not adequately serve their welfare, and
to initiate new governments when urgently required to their safety or welfare.
No superior authority exists at any time to this basic right of people to
initiate such action; and in particular, no authority superior to action
by people exists for the organization and functioning of a World Constituent
Assembly or a democratic World Parliament.
Therefore, let us go forward with a GLOBAL RATIFICATION and ELECTIONS CAMPAIGN,
appealing to people and governments to ratify the Constitution for the Federation
of Earth which has been produced by these four sessions of the World Constituent
Assembly.
We call upon the people of Earth to ratify the Constitution for the
Federation of Earth, by direct Referendum and by Initiative Petition followed
by election of delegates to the House of Peoples.
We call upon the national governments and legislatures of the world
to ratify the Constitution for the Federation of Earth and elect delegates
to the House of Nations.
We call upon the Universities, Colleges and Churches, Scientific Academies
and Institutes to ratify the Constitution for the Federation of Earth and
nominate delegates with a world view as candidates for election to the Hose
of Counsellors.
Let us move forward with courage and humility in the spirit in which these
sessions of the World Constituent Assembly have been conceived, knowing that
we are fully justified by the circumstances of world crises, the conditions
of world-wide political turmoil and de facto global anarchy, and the recognized
right and authority of people to act in the creation of democratic forms
of government to serve their safety and welfare, as provided by the Constitution
for the Federation of Earth. Although time may reveal the need for some
amendments to this Constitution, it has been prepared by a broad global
representation of qualified people and it is ready for ratification and
implementation now. So let us build on this solid base which has been prepared
over the last 25 years and unite our energies in achieving ratification and
implementation.
(A major portion of this statement, under title of RATIONALE FOR WORLD
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, was adopted at the Third session of the World Constituent
Assembly meeting at Colombo, Sri Lanka, from 29 December 1978, to 6 January,
1979.)